Unification of Germany and Italy

1
Unification of Germany and Italy
2
Nationalisms affect on Unification

• Nationalist ideas were spreading across Europe
• Feelings of nationalism set off revolts in ITALY
  and GERMANY

3
Italian Unification

• 1815, Italy was divided into small states and
  provinces
• Northern states were part of Austrian Empire
• 1848, there were seven separate states

4
Italian Nationalist Leaders
King Victor Emmanuel II
Giuseppi Garibaldi
Giuseppi Mazzini
Count Camillo Cavour
5
Risorgimento (Young Italy)

• means RESURGENCE
• Led revolts in Italian cities
• a nationalist movement that helped unify ITALY
• the political and social process that unified
  Italian states into ONE, single nation of Italy
  in the 1800s
• wanted a united, republican nation

6
Sardinia-Piedmont The Magnet
7
Kingdom of Sardinia

• Led by Prime Minister Count Camillo Cavour

• He made Sardinia the leader of
  the rest of Italy
• Built railroads, introduced reforms, and
  strengthened military
• Sided with France to push Austrian Empire out of
  Italy

8
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

• Giuseppi Garibaldi
• popular Italian hero, led fight for Sicily
• gained control of Sicily
• gave control of land to Victor Emmanuel II

9
Gaining Sicily
10
Gaining Rome
11
Italy Unified in 1870
12
A Unified Peninsula!

• A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right
  Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping
  Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.

13
German Unification
14
Chancellor Otto von
Bismarck
The IronChancellor
Realpolitik
BloodIron
15
German Unification

• In 1800, Germany was divided into more than 250
  independent states
• Later, Congress of Vienna reduced number of
  states to 38 to form the GERMAN CONFEDERATION
• Most states of German Confederation were owned by
  Austria or Poland

16
Otto von Bismarck

• The great questions of the day will not be
  settled by speeches and majority decisions, but
  by BLOOD and IRON
• Realpolitik realistic politics based on the
  needs of the state
• Power was more important than principles

17
Otto von Bismarck . . . .

• Before unification, Prime Minister of Prussia
• Prussia united with German states as they went
  through a series of short wars
• Defeated Austria in the Seven Weeks War (1866)

18
Prussia v. Austria
19
Now that Austria was taken care of

• only France stood in the way of unification
• France felt threatened by the thought of German
  unification
• 1870, France declared war on Prussia
• Franco-Prussian War

20
Franco-Prussian War

• All German states banded together under the
  leadership of Prussia
• The Germans won in 1871
• France gave up Alsace-Lorraine area
• Wilhelm I becomes kaiser
• Bismarck named chancellor of the German Empire

21
Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm Ir. 18711888
22
(No Transcript)