OGRE(O-O Graphics Rendering Engine)

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??????????
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??

• ??????(???) 10
• ????proposal (??) 10
• ???????proposal???(??)10
• ??OGRE?????? 10
• ????
• ????
• ????(????)
• ???? 40
• ???? 20

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??Quake3???
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????????????

• ?????????????????
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ????????,???????????
• ????????,??????
• ???????????????
• ????????????
• ????????????????????,????????????OGRE?????????

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????????????

• ??????????
• ?????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????
• ??????

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?????(Scenegraph)??????

• ???
• ?????????????????
• ????????,?????????
• ???
• ?????????

???????
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???????????

• ?????????????

??????A ? ???? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ??????B ? ???? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ??????C ? ???? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ??????D ? ????? ? ??? ? ???? ? ??????
????????
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???????
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????????????

• ???????????????,???????
• ??????????,????????????????
• ????

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????????
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?????????
?????????
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OBB???????
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???????

• ?????
• ???(incremental)
• ???(gift-wrapping)
• ???(divide-and-conquer)
• ??????(quick-hull)
• k-dop(discreted orientation polytope,???????)
• ????????????????,??????????

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8-dop??
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?????????

• ????????????????????
• ??
• ????,?????????????
• ??
• ???????!

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???
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?????????

• BSP?

(?)???BSP???(?)BSP??????
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BSP??????
(?)???????????(?)??????BSP?
(?)???????????(?)??????BSP?
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BSP??????????????

• ?????????????????????

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???
(a)????? (b)????? (c)?????
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???
(a) (b)
(c)
(a)???? (b)????? (c)?????
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??????????????
(?)???????(?)??????
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??????????????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ? ? ?
??? ?????????????? ?? ?????????
??? ?????????? ?? ???????
??? ????????????? ?? ????????
????? ???????????????? ?? ????????
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??????????????
??????? ??????
? ? ? ? ?????? ??????
? ? ? ? ???? ????
? ? ? ? ??????? ???????
? ? ? ? ?????? ??????
? ? ? ? ????????????? ???????????
? ? ? ? ????OBB-??AABB??k-DOPS ???????????????????kD?
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????(LOD)??

• ?????LOD
• ?????LOD
• ??LOD
• ??LOD

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LOD
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???????

• ????
• ???
• ???!
• ???

??????????
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?????????
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LOD Models
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???????????????

• ????????????
• LOD?????????????????
• ??????????????
• ???LOD???,Huppe???1995???
• ??????(Progressive Mesh)
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????

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?? SpeedTree?LOD??
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?? SpeedTree?LOD??
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??SpeedTree?LOD??
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Demo
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????????
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?????????
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???????
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???????

• ??????????????
• ????????????

(?)??????(?)??????????
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?????
(?)?A ?????????,?B???????,??????????????????,?C??
??????????????????(?)????????????????????????,????
????
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?????(???????)

• ???(Visibility)????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ??????????????????,??????
• ??,????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????,???????????????
• ??,??????????????????????????

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???????

• Cell-to-Cell ???
• ?????cell????????????????
• ?????????????????????,???????????????????????????
• Cell-to-Region ???
• ???????,?????????????
• Cell-To-Object ????????,???????????
• Eye-To-Region ???
• ?????????????????????
• ??,Eye-to-Cell ?? Eye-To-Object

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????(Portal)????????

• ?????????????,???????????????????

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???????????

• ????
• ?????????
• ?????????
• ??
• ??????
• ????
• ??
• ???????,???????
• ???????

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Cell-Portal ??

• ???????????????????
• ???????????????,????
• Portals?????????????????
• Portal ????????
• ???????????Portals
• ??????????
• Kd-trees ??BSP?????cell??????????? portals
• ????????
• ??????????

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Cell Portal ??

• Portals ????????(???)
• Graph????????
• ???????????(?portals)

A
B
A
B
C
D
C
D
E
F
E
F
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Cell-Portal ???

• ??????????
• ????graph?????????
• ?????,??????????????potentially visible set (PVS)
• Cell-to-region ???,?? cell-to-object ???
• ?????????????????????
• ???????????
• Eye-to-region ?? Eye-to-cell ???
• ????????? vs. ?????????????
• ???????,??????????????

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PVS?????

• PVS ?????????,?????????/??/??/???
• ???,?????????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ?????????????????
• ??
• ????? ??????,????PVS?????
• ??????????????,???????

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Cell-to-Cell PVS

• Cell A ? B? PVS?,?????????,?B????A,?????????????
• ?????????PVS??

I ?PVS ?? B, C, E, F, H, J
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Stab ?

• ????????
• ?????PVS
• ????????portal??
• ???????????
• ???????????cells/portals ??

A
A
B
A/C
C
C/D2
C/E
C/D1
C
D
D
E
D
D/F
F
E
F
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Cell-to-Cell???

• ??????cell-to-cell????????
• ?????? ????99.6????????????,??????90???,
  ??????????98
• ??,??cell-to-cell??????????
• ????????????
• ????????

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Cell-to-Cell???

• ?????
• ???????????????????,?????????????
• ????????????-??????????????????????
• ????????????,???????????????
• ?????????????

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Cell-To-Region ???

• ??????????????????????
• ??,???????????
• ???????????(????,?????)

??????portal????
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???????

• PVS ??????????
• ?????,?????PVS??
• ??????????????
• ????PVS??
• ?????????
• ????????????????,?????? Eye-to-Region????

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Eye-to-Region (1)
View
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Eye-to-Region (2)
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??Cell ??Portals????

• ?????????cell?portal??
• ????????????????????????
• ????-??????????,??????????Cell
• ?????
• ????????,??occluders????????????

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Occluders

• ? occluder??????
• ??,??????????
• ???????????????
• ??????Supporting planes
• ???????????????
• Occluder?????????
• ??????????

supporting planes
eye
occluder
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Occluders(?)

• Occluders ??????????
• ??????
• ??????????
• ????????????,??????
• ???????????????????occluders
• ??,?????billboards??
• occluding ?????????,??,??occluder ???????????
• ???????????occluder????,??????????,
  ????????????????

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Occluders(?)

• ???occluders????????????????
• Hierarchical Z-Buffer ?????(??)???????
• ??????????????
• ????Hierarchical Occlusion Maps(?????)
  ?????????????,??????????
• Schaufler Occluder Fusion ????????????????

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???????
?????????,????7,000????,???50fps??????????,??????
????17,300, ?????20 fps
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??????????
(??)????????? (??)???(??)???????????
(??)???????
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????????
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????

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?????????

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• ????????????????
• ????
• ??????????????1???
• ?????????????????

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???????

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• ??
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• ?????
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????????

• ????,??????
• ?????
• ????
• ???????????????!

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???????????????
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OGRE????
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OGRE??????

• ?OGRE????????????
• ST_GENERIC ????
• ST_EXTERIOR_CLOSE ??????
• ST_EXTERIOR_FAR ??????
• ST_INTERIOR ????

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????

• ????????????
• BspApplication()
• // Load Quake3 locations from a file
• ConfigFile cf
• cf.load("quake3settings.cfg")
• mQuakePk3 cf.getSetting("Pak0Location")
  
• mQuakeLevel cf.getSetting("Map")

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??????????

• void chooseSceneManager(void)
• mSceneMgr mRoot- gtgetSceneManager(ST
  _INTERIOR)

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???????

• void createScene(void)
• // Load world geometry
• mSceneMgr-gtsetWorldGeometry(mQuakeLevel)
• // modify camera for close work
• mCamera-gtsetNearClipDistance(4)
• mCamera-gtsetFarClipDistance(4000)
• // Also change position, and set
  Quake-type orientation
• // Get random player start point
• ViewPoint vp mSceneMgr-gtgetSuggestedView
  point(true)
• mCamera-gtsetPosition(vp.position)
• mCamera-gtpitch(90) // Quake uses X/Y
  horizon, Z up
• mCamera-gtrotate(vp.orientation)
• // Don't yaw along variable axis, causes
  leaning
• mCamera-gtsetFixedYawAxis(true,
  Vector3UNIT_Z)

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????

• OGRE???????Plugin_OctreeSceneManager.dll??????????
  ??????ST_EXTERIOR_CLOSE??????????

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????
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??????

• ?????????????,????
• virtual void chooseSceneManager(void)
• // Get the SceneManager, in this case a
  generic one
• mSceneMgr mRoot-gtgetSceneManager(
  ST_EXTERIOR_CLOSE )

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??????

• ???????????,?????????????????
• void createScene(void)
• // Set ambient light
• mSceneMgr-gtsetAmbientLight(ColourValue(0.5,
  0.5, 0.5))
• // Create a light
• Light l mSceneMgr-gtcreateLight("MainLig
  ht")
• // Accept default settings point light,
  white diffuse, just set position
• // NB I could attach the light to a
  SceneNode if I wanted it to move automatically
  with
• // other objects, but I don't
• l-gtsetPosition(20,80,50)
• mSceneMgr -gt setWorldGeometry(
  "terrain.cfg" )
• mSceneMgr-gtsetFog( FOG_EXP2,
  ColourValueWhite, .008, 0, 250 )
• mRoot -gt showDebugOverlay( true )

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WhiteBlack
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????

• ??????
• ????????????????????????
• ????
• ???????????????????????
• ??
• ?????????????????????,???????????????????????????,
  ?????????????

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????????

• ????????????????
• ?????????
• ?????????

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??????????????

• ?????????????????
• ????????
• ???????????
• Dobkin 1985Agarwal 1991Chazelle 1989
• ????????
• ????????????????
• ????????? Lin 1998Jiménez 2001

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??????????????

• ????????
• ????
• ??????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ??????????????
• ???????
• Cameron 1990Canny 1986Redon 2001Redon
  2002a

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????????
• ???????
• ?????,???????
• ????????
• CSG????,?????,????,?????

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????
• Hubbard 1995Gottschalk 1996 Klosowski
  1998Zachmann 1998
• ???????????

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????
• ???????????
• Lin-Canny????????Lin 1991, Lin1993
• Lin 1995, Cohen 1995, Chung 1996, Mirtich
  1998, Ehmann 2000, Ehmann 2001
• ?????(Simplex)???????
• Gilbert?Johnson?Keerthi Gilbert 1988Gilbert
  1990???GJK??
• Cameron 1997Bergen 1999

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????????
• ??CSG????
• Zeiller 1993Su 1996Poutain 2001
• ?????????
• Farouki 1989Miller 1991Shene 1991
• ????????
• ?????B????(NURBS)
• Turnbull 1998
• ?????
• ???????????????????
• Heidelb 2003Boyles1999??? 2001

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????(space decomposition)
• ?????BSP??k-d?????(Octree)?Samet 1989Naylor
  1990Bourma 1991
• ???????(hierarchical bounding volume trees)

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????,?????????????
• ??????Hubbard 1993Hubbard 1995Palmer
  1995OSullivan 1999?
• AABB???(Aligned Axis Bounding Box)Zachmann
  1997Bergen 1997Larsson 2001?
• OBB???(Oriented Bounding Box)Gottschalk 1996
• k-dop???(Discrete Orientation Polytope)Klosowski
  1998Zachmann 1998
• QuOSPO ???(Quantized Orientation Slabs with
  Primary Orientations) He 1999
• ?????Ehmann 2001
• ????????Wan 2001??

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????,?????????????

(a) ??? (b) AABB??? (c)OBB??? (d) 6-dop???
(e)????? ????????
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??????????????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????
• ??????
• ??????????
• ???????

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??????????????

• ?????????????
• Shinya?Shinya 1991?Rossignac?Rossignac 1992
• Myszkowski?Myszkow 1995
• Baciu?Baciu 1997Baciu 1999
• Hoff?Hoff 2001,Kim?Kim 2002, Lombardo
  1999,Vassilev 2001,Heidelb 2003,Govindar
  2003
• ?????????.

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?????????
demo
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????????

• ????????????????

video