Scientific Method and More

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Scientific Method and More
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Defining Science

• Science to know
• Pure Science
• research that adds to the body of scientific
  knowledge
• has no practical use
• Applied Science (Technology)
• the practical application of scientific
  knowledge

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Defining Science

• PURE
• human genetics
• polymer science
• atomic theory
• study of the human ear

• APPLIED
• DNA fingerprinting
• Lycra spandex
• nuclear weapons
• hearing aids

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3 main areas of science

• 1. Biology
• The study of living things
• 2. Physical science
• The study of physics and chemistry
• 3. Earth science
• The study of Earth and the universe

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Some Science Terms

• Hypothesis an educated guess, a prediction
  about what you think WILL happen
• Theory explanation of things or events that is
  based on evidence gained from many observations
• Examples
• Scientific Law statement about how things work
  in nature that seems to be true all the time.
• Examples

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Scientific Method

• Organized set of investigation procedures.
• To find the answer to a problem.

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Scientific Method

• 1. State the Problem

1. Gather Information on the problem

3. Form a Hypothesis
4. Perform the Experiment
5. Record and Analyze Data
6. State a Conclusion
Repeat the Work
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Variables

• Variable literally means something changes
• Independent Variable the variable the
  experimenter controls and changes in an
  experiment . Graphed on the X-axis
• Problem How does light effect the growth of
  tulips?
• IV the amount of light
• given to the tulips

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Experiment setup
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
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• Dependent Variable the thing you
  _________________ in an experiment (this changes
  because of the independent variable) plotted on
  the y-axis of a graph
• Problem How does light effect the growth of
  tulips?
• DV the growth
• of the tulip
• (height)

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• Control set up exactly like the experiment, but
  has no independent variable in it (also called
  control group)
• Constants these are factors that are kept THE
  SAME among all experimental groups.
• Same amount of water, same type of plant, same
  amount of plant food, same type of soil, same
  size container, etc.

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Try this

• Problem Which laundry detergent cleans grass
  stains out of jeans better?
• Hypothesis _____________ will clean grass stains
  out of jeans better than ____________________.
• IV
• DV
• Constants

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Any Questions?

• Get with a partner!
• Problem Which type of mouthwash kills bacteria
  better?
• Hypothesis (make sure it encompasses both the IV
  and the DV)
• IV
• DV
• Constants
• How would a control group be set up?

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Graphs

• Line Graph
• Used for showing changes that occur in related
  variables
• Independent variable plotted on x-axis
• Dependent variable plotted on y-axis
• Can be directly proportional
• Or inversely proportional

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Graphing

• 2. Bar Graphs
• Used to compare a set of measurements, amounts of
  changes
• 3. Circle Graph or Pie Charts
• A circle divided to show
• how a part of something
• relates to the whole