Get Learning logs from table

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Get Learning logs from table Test info Average
16 out of 30 Range 7 - 25 Corrections due
Friday Lab notebooks Thursday -Daphnia data
on-line -Fitness test -Tape/staple sheet
-Discussion questions -What is your fitness
level? -Do you agree with the
findings? -Why or why not?
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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• How animals regulate solute concentrations
• balance the gain loss of water
• What is excretion?
• How animals get rid of nitrogenous waste of
  metabolism
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• Osmoconformer does not actively adjust its
  internal osmolarity
• Isoosmotic to environment
• Marine animals
• Osmoregulator actively controls osmolarity
• NOT isoosmotic with environment

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Figure 44.3 Osmoregulation in marine and
freshwater bony fishes

• Hypoosmotic to ocean
• loses LOTS of water at gills
• Drinks like a fish
• excretes salt little urine

• Hyperosmotic to lake
• gain LOTS of water at gills
• LOTS of dilute urine

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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• Dehydration
• Many adaptations to prevent this
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• Ammonia
• Urea
• Uric acid

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Figure 44.8 Nitrogenous wastes
Ammonia very soluble in water - VERY toxic -
easily passes through membranes - 1 N at a
time Urea - 100,000X less toxic than NH3 -
-NH3 CO2 in liver - helps conserve water - 2
N at a time Uric acid- not very soluble in
water - excreted in paste-like form - little
water loss - stored in amniotic egg - 4 N at a
time
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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• What are the 4 main functions of excretory
  systems?
• Filtration
• Reabsorption
• Secretion
• Excretion

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Figure 44.9 Key functions of excretory systems
an overview
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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• What are the 4 main functions of excretory
  systems?
• How have excretory systems evolved?
• Protonephridia Planaria
• Metanephridia Earthworm
• Malpighian tubules insects
• Kidney - us

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Figure 44.10 Protonephridia the flame-bulb
system of a planarian
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Figure 44.11 Metanephridia of an earthworm
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Figure 44.12 Malpighian tubules of insects
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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• What are the 4 main functions of excretory
  systems?
• How have excretory systems evolved?
• What is the structure and function of the kidney?

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Figure 44.13 The mammalian excretory system
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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• What are the 4 main functions of excretory
  systems?
• How have excretory systems evolved?
• What is the structure and function of the kidney?
• What is the structure function of the nephron?

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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• What are the 4 main functions of excretory
  systems?
• How have excretory systems evolved?
• What is the structure and function of the kidney?
• What is the structure function of the nephron?
• Glomerulus filtration due to BP
• Proximal tubule secretion reabsorption
• Loop of Henle
• Descending reabsorption
• Ascending reabsorption
• Distal tubule secretion reabsorption
• Collecting duct - reabsorption

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Figure 44.14 The nephron and collecting duct
regional functions of the transport epithelium
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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• What are the 4 main functions of excretory
  systems?
• How have excretory systems evolved?
• What is the structure and function of the kidney?
• What is the structure function of the nephron?
• What causes the movement of water out of the
  filtrate?
• - Increasing salt concentration within the kidney

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Figure 44.15 How the human kidney concentrates
urine
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Figure 44.15 How the human kidney concentrates
urine
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Figure 44.15 How the human kidney concentrates
urine
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Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?
• What is the difference between an osmoregulator
  an osmoconformer?
• What is the biggest issue for land animals?
• What are the different nitrogenous waste products
  that animals excrete?
• What are the 4 main functions of excretory
  systems?
• How have excretory systems evolved?
• What is the structure and function of the kidney?
• What is the structure function of the nephron?
• What causes the movement of water out of the
  filtrate?
• How is blood osmolarity regulation?
• - ADH
• - RAAS

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Figure 44.16 Hormonal control of the kidney by
negative feedback circuits