Define the Following NEURO Conditions

1
Define the Following NEURO Conditions

• Make sure you know the definition, S/S, and
  treatment for each
• Alzheimers
• Amyotrphic Lateral Sclerosis
• (ALS)
• Cerebral Palsy
• CVA
• Encephalitis
• Epilepsy
• Hydrocephalus

• Lou Gehrigs Disease
• Meningitis (Bacterial /Viral
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• Neuralgia
• Paralysis
• Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia
• Parkinsons Disease
• Shingles

2
Alzheimers

• Symptoms of Alzheimer's, including early-onset
  Alzheimer's, include problems with memory,
  judgment, and thinking. Memory loss and dementia
  will progress as the stages of Alzheimer's
  advance. Symptoms can be treated with medication,
  but there is no cure.

3
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

• ALS often begins with muscle twitching and
  weakness in an arm or leg, or sometimes with
  slurring of speech. Eventually, ALS can affect
  your ability to control the muscles needed to
  move, speak, eat and breathe. ALS can't be cured
  and eventually leads to death.

• Lou Gehrig

4
Cerebral Palsy

• Signs and symptoms can vary greatly. Movement and
  coordination problems associated with cerebral
  palsy may include
• Variations in muscle tone, such as being either
  too stiff or too floppy
• Stiff muscles and exaggerated reflexes
  (spasticity)
• Stiff muscles with normal reflexes (rigidity)
• Lack of muscle coordination (ataxia)
• Tremors or involuntary movements
• Slow, writhing movements (athetosis)
• Delays in reaching motor skills milestones, such
  as pushing up on arms, sitting up alone or
  crawling
• Favoring one side of the body, such as reaching
  with only one hand or dragging a leg while
  crawling

5
CP

• The disability associated with cerebral palsy may
  be limited primarily to one limb or one side of
  the body, or it may affect the whole body. The
  brain disorder causing cerebral palsy doesn't
  change with time, so the symptoms usually don't
  worsen with age, although the shortening of
  muscles and muscle rigidity may worsen if not
  treated aggressively

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vp5FPreeKT4k

6
CVA (Stroke)

• Cerebrovascular Accident
• Stroke
• Golden Hour of Treatment

7
Encephalitis

• Inflammation of the brain. Viral infections are
  the most common cause of the condition.
• Encephalitis can cause flu-like symptoms, such as
  a fever or severe headache. It can also cause
  confused thinking, seizures, or problems with
  senses or movement. However, many cases of
  encephalitis result in only mild flu-like
  symptoms or even no symptoms.

8
Epilepsy

• Epilepsy is a group of related disorders
  characterized by a tendency for recurrent
  seizures. There are different types of epilepsy
  and seizures. Epilepsy drugs are prescribed to
  control seizures, and rarely surgery is necessary
  if medications are ineffective.

9
Hydrocephalus

• Is the buildup of fluid in the cavities
  (ventricles) deep within the brain. The excess
  fluid increases the size of the ventricles and
  puts pressure on the brain.

10
Meningitis

• Sudden high fever
• Severe headache
• Stiff neck
• Vomiting or nausea with headache
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Seizures
• Sleepiness or difficulty waking up
• Sensitivity to light
• Lack of interest in drinking and eating
• Skin rash in some cases, such as in meningococcal
  meningitis

11
Bacterial Meningitis http//www.wusa9.com/story/n
ews/local/virginia/2015/04/10/madison-small-death-
determined/25571581/

• Bacterial meningitis is serious, can come on very
  quickly and requires prompt antibiotic treatment
  to improve the chances of a recovery. Delaying
  treatment for bacterial meningitis increases the
  risk of permanent brain damage or death. In
  addition, bacterial meningitis can prove fatal in
  a matter of days.

• Normally caused by
• Strep Pneumoniae
• Neisseria
• Haemophilus Influenza B
• Listeria

12
Viral Meningitis

• Each year, viruses cause a greater number of
  cases of meningitis than do bacteria. Viral
  meningitis is usually mild and often clears on
  its own. A group of viruses known as
  enteroviruses is responsible for most viral
  meningitis cases in the United States. These
  viruses tend to circulate in late summer and
  early fall. Viruses such as herpes simplex virus,
  HIV, mumps, West Nile virus and others also can
  cause viral meningitis.

13
Fungal Meningitis

• Is relatively uncommon and causes chronic
  meningitis. Occasionally it can mimic acute
  bacterial meningitis. However, this form of
  meningitis isn't contagious from person to
  person. Cryptococcal meningitis is a common
  fungal form of the disease that affects people
  with immune deficiencies, such as AIDS. It's
  life-threatening if not treated with an
  antifungal medication.

14
Multiple Sclerosis

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which
  your immune system attacks the protective sheath
  (myelin) that covers your nerves. Myelin damage
  disrupts communication between your brain and the
  rest of your body. Ultimately, the nerves
  themselves may deteriorate, a process that's
  currently irreversible.

15
Neuralgia

• Neuralgia is nerve pain that occurs when a nerve
  is irritated.
• The pain spreads along nerve pathways and may be
  acute, chronic, mild, or severe.
• Some types of neuralgia are postherpetic
  neuralgia, which is associated with shingles
  trigeminal neuralgia, or stabbing face pain and
  occipital neuralgia, spinal nerve pain resulting
  in pain on one side of the scalp.
• Most neuralgia symptoms can be treated with
  medications. 

16
Paralysis

• Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part
  of your body.
• Hemiplegia Affects One side of the body or other
• Paraplegia Affects both legs of the body
• Quadriplegia Affects both arms and legs of the
  body
• Can be cause by many neuro disorders as damage
  occurs to the brain or nerves themselves.
• Some forms are currently incurable.

17
Parkinsons Disease

• Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of
  the nervous system that affects your movement. It
  develops gradually, sometimes starting with a
  barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. But
  while a tremor may be the most well-known sign of
  Parkinson's disease, the disorder also commonly
  causes stiffness or slowing of movement.
• In the early stages of Parkinson's disease, your
  face may show little or no expression or your
  arms may not swing when you walk. Your speech may
  become soft or slurred. Parkinson's disease
  symptoms worsen as your condition progresses over
  time.

18
Shingles

• Shingles is a viral infection that causes a
  painful rash. Although shingles can occur
  anywhere on your body, it most often appears as a
  single stripe of blisters that wraps around
  either the left or the right side of your torso.