Reaction Prediction

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Reaction Prediction

• What you MUST know before you even begin trying
  to predict a reaction
• Element names symbols
• Know your diatomics
• Oxidation states for main group elements
• Nomenclature rules for acids, ionic, covalent
  compounds.
• Balancing equations
• Interpreting word equations

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I. Synthesis Reactions

• A. Two elements produce a compound
• Ag O2 ?
• C O2 ?
• S O2 ?
• B. Metal oxide water produce a base (metallic
  hydroxide)
• Na2O H2O ?
• C. Nonmetal oxide water produce an oxyacid
• SO2 H2O ?
• D. Metal oxide nonmetal oxide produce a salt
  (ionic solid)
• BaO CO2 ?
• CaO SO2 ?

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II. Decomposition

• A. Reverse of synthesis reactions
• NaCl electricity ?
• B. Metallic chlorates produce metallic
  chlorides O2
• KClO3 ?
• C. Metallic carbonates produce metallic oxides
  CO2
• ZnCO3 ?
• D. Compound electrolyzed produce foundational
  elements (may involve solute or water)
• H2O electricity ?
• E. Hydrated salts decompose into the salt and
  water.
• Ex. Na2CO3 H2O ? Na2CO3 H2O Na2SO4 10
  H2O ?

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Exceptions

• Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and
  oxygen.
• Sulfurous acid decomposes into water and sulfur
  dioxide.
• Carbonic acid decomposes into water and carbon
  dioxide.
• Ammonium hydroxide decomposes into ammonia and
  water.

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III. Single Replacement

• A. Metal replaces metal ion in compound if metal
  is more active (use activity series)
• Al CuSO4 ?
• B. Metal replaces H in acids if metal is more
  active than H in the compound
• Zn HCl ?
• C. Halogen replaces a halogen in compound if
  halogen more active
• Br2 NaCl ?
• D. Very active metal replaces H in H2O forms
  metallic hydroxide H2
• K H2O ?
• Ca H2O ?

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Quick View of Solubility Rules

• All compounds containing alkali metal cations and
  the ammonium ions are soluble no exceptions.
• All compounds containing nitrate, chlorate,
  perchlorate, acetate, and bicarbonate anions are
  soluble no exceptions.
• All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble
  except those containing Ag, Pb2, Hg2, Hg22.
  
• All sulfates are soluble except those containing
  Hg2, Pb2, Sr, Ca, or Ba.
• All hydroxides are insoluble except compounds of
  the alkali metals, Ca,  Sr, and Ba.
• All compounds containing phosphate, sulfide
  (exception alkaline metals of sulfides are
  soluble), carbonate, and sulfite ions are
  insoluble except those that also contain alkali
  metals or NH4.

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IV. Double Replacement

• Two aqueous ionic compounds react if one product
  is a precipitate, gas, or molecule (such as
  water). Must know solubility rules be able to
  write net ionic equations.
• K2CO3 HNO3 ?
• KOH HI?
• K2CO3 Ba(OH)2 ?
• Fe2(SO4)3 Ba(OH)2 ?
• Hg2(NO3)2 KI ?
• NH4I AgNO3 ?

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V. Combustion

• Oxygen (also termed as air in a problem)
  compound (usually a hydrocarbon) produce oxides
  (usually carbon dioxide) of elements in compound
  and water.
• Complete and balance the reactions for the
  combustion of the following compounds
• CH4
• C2H2
• CH3OH
• C6H12O6
• C8H18

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Additional Practice

• Use the Pre-AP Equation notes (word document) for
  in depth explanations and extra practice.
• The answers may be checked using the Pre-AP notes
  power point.
• Study, Study, Study!!!!!!!