Cell Structure

1
Cell Structure
2
Functions of Cells
3
What are cells?

• Cell a cell is a basic unit of structure and
  function of life. In other words, cells make up
  living things and carry out activities that keep
  a living thing alive.
• Your body is made up of specialized cells which
  carry out the processes needed for life.

4
Main Cell Components

• Genetic material
• Contains the material for life (DNA)
• Cytoplasm fills cell interior Liquid
• Contains organelles sugars, amino acids
• Plasma membrane(aka. Cell Membrane) Encloses the
  cell it is like the cells skin

5
Animal Cell
6
Plant Cell
7
Structures common to plant and animal
cells(Organelles Small Organs)

• Cytoplasm ? Not an organelle, suspends the
  organelles
• Cell Membrane
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Golgi Bodies
• Vacuoles

8
Cytoplasm

• Gel-like substance which holds all the cell
  components together
• Made mostly of water
• Place where many chemical reactions occur

9
Cell Membrane

• The flexible double-layered skin of the cell
• Just like our skin holds us together, the cell
  membrane holds the cell and its components
  together
• It also allows the movement of substances into
  and out of the cell.

10
Nucleus The Brain

• Controls the cell akin t our brains controlling
  us
• Holds the genetic material (DNA) which is stored
  on Chromosomes
• Directs activities of the cell
• Usually one per cell, some cells have several
  (muscle) while other have none (Red Blood Cell)
• Spherical in shape

11
Chromosomes

• DNA of eukaryotes is divided into linear
  chromosomes.
• Contains all the information needed for life
  (genes)
• We have 23 pairs 46 totalTotal, half from mom
  and half from dad

12
Mitochondria

• " Powerhouse of the cell" Uses Glucose to
  provide cells with energy (Cellular Respiration)
• Glucose Oxygen ? Carbon Dioxide Water
  Energy
• Cells that use a lot of energy have more
• Structure - outer and inner membranes

13
_________________

• Network of transportation tubes which transport
  cellular substances around the cell (akin to a
  subway network transporting people from place to
  place)

14
Golgi Bodies

• _________________
• Create and secrete mucus which is used as lining
  for the intestine and stomach

15
Vacuoles

• _________________
• Contain unwanted substances for removal
• Maintaining internal pressures (Plant)

16
Plant Cells ONLY!

• _________________
• _________________
• _________________

17
_________________

• Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than
  mitochondria
• Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their
  green colour and also allows them to absorb light
  to be used to create sugar in the process of
  photosynthesis

18
Photosynthesis

• _________________
• Carbon Dioxide Water Light Energy ? Glucose
  (Sugar) Oxygen

Photosynthesis Intro Video
19
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

• Within plant cells, photosynthesis takes place to
  produce glucose (sugar)
• The sugar is then used within the mitochondria
  (cellular respiration) of both plants and animals
• How do the animals obtain the glucose?

20

• Its a Cycle!!
• The products of photosynthesis
• are the reactants of cellular respiration
• The products of cellular respiration are
• Are the reactants of photosynthesis
• YOU CANT HAVE ONE WITHOUT
• THE OTHER!!

Photosynthesis Glucose Oxygen ? Carbon Dioxide
Water Energy
Carbon Dioxide Water Light Energy ? Glucose
(Sugar) Oxygen Cellular Respiration
21
Vacuole

• Plant cells usually have one large vacuole
• Maintains the cells pressure ? keeps the plants
  stems and leaves firm
• _________________

22
Cell Wall

• Found just outside the cell membrane in plant
  cells
• _________________
• _________________

23

• http//cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm