Nervous%20System

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Nervous System
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Lesson 7 Vocab

• neurons nerve cells, which make up your nervous
  system
• cerebrum the largest part of the brain where
  most of your thinking takes place
• cerebellum the part of the brain that makes
  your muscles work together controls most
  movements that you do without thinking
• hemispheres two halves of a sphere, or
  ball-shaped object, such as the brain

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• brain the major organ in the nervous system
• spinal cord an organ that carries messages to
  and from the brain
• nerve is a bundle of cells that conducts
  messages from one part of the body to another
• reflex an automatic response to stimuli

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Nervous System

• 1. The nervous system controls all the systems in
  your body
• 2. What do your nerve cells and nerves do?
• a. Cells of your nervous system are called nerve
  cells, or neurons
• i. Neurons have long branches that come out both
  ends
• ii. They are long and thin
• iii. Bundles of neurons
  make up nerves

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• b. nerves receive and send messages
• c. some carry messages to the brain to let it
  know what is happening in and around your body
  sensory nerves
• d. others carry messages from the brain to
  muscles, telling muscles what to do motor nerves

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How Does your Brain Work

• a. The brain is the control center of the body
• b. Always receiving messages and sorts them out
  looking for meaning, then tells the body what to
  do

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• c. 3 main parts
• i. Cerebrum largest part, where most thinking
  takes place, solves problems, forms emotions
  (feelings), makes decisions, and controls how you
  learn, receives and answers messages from senses
• 1. divided into 2 halves called hemispheres, each
  side responsible for different tasks
• 2. 2 halves connected by the corpus callosum
• 3. right side deals with imagination and the arts
• 4. left side deals with words and facts, math
• 5. both are always working together

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A concussion is a brain injury which occurs when
the head takes a sudden blow, banging the brain
against the side of the skull. Concussions range
from mild (no loss of consciousness) to severe
(loss of consciousness). Patients typically
suffer headaches, nausea and dizziness in the
short run and some develop enduring headaches,
dizziness and confusion for months. Athletes at
Central Dauphin East have to take an Impact test
to give a baseline for how their brains function
prior to a concussion. If they hit their head
playing sports and cant pass the same test, they
have to get treatment for concussion.
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• ii. Cerebellum the part of the brain that makes
  muscles work together, helps move and keep
  balance, cerebellum directs most movement without
  you thinking about it
• iii. Brain stem lowest part of the brain,
  messages moving between brain and the rest of the
  body pass through the brain stem
• 1. medulla oblongata takes care of critical life
  functions breathing, heartbeat, swallowing,
  blood vessels, controls inner organs

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• 4. What is the job of your spinal cord?
• a. Starts at the base of the brain, main path for
  messages entering and leaving the brain
• b. Surround and protects spinal cord connecting
  nerves to brain
• c. Sudden actions that are done without thinking
  are reflexes

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Peripheral Nervous System

• Nerves connect all parts of the body to the
  Central Nervous System (the brain and spinal
  cord)
• Nerves serve as a means of communication between
  the Central Nervous System and the body

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Common Problems of the Nervous System

• Meningitis an infection of the protective
  coverings of the brain and spinal cord caused by
  bacteria or a virus bacteria is treated by
  antibiotics and there is a vaccine. The viral
  form is most common and milder the West Nile
  Virus is one! No vaccine, just avoid mosquito
  bites if you can!
• Rabies viral infection of the brain passed by
  the bite of an infected animal avoid animals
  acting strangely and get immediate medical
  attention if bitten

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• Concussion an injury to the brain caused by a
  blow to the head may cause loss of memory or
  consciousness can be prevented by wearing
  protective headgear
• Stroke the death of brain tissue due to a lack
  of blood to the brain requires immediate
  medical attention and hospitalization
• Paralysis partial or total loss of the ability
  to use muscles usually caused by damage to the
  brain or spinal cord may be permanent

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• Epilepsy a disorder of the nerves and brain
  that is characterized by uncontrollable muscle
  activity (seizures) treated with medication
• Cerebral Palsy poor muscle control caused by
  damage to the brain, often at birth no cure or
  prevention but may be helped by physical therapy

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Review lesson 7

• Review Lesson 7
• 1. What does your nervous system do?
• 2. How are sensory and motor nerves different?
• 3. What are the jobs of the cerebrum?
• 4. How are the hemispheres of your brain able to
  exchange nerve messages?