The video and narration in this presentation concerns the

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Warning!

• The video and narration in this presentation
  concerns the
• Female Reproductive System
• and uses explicit graphics and terminology
  dealing with this subject matter.
• Some material may not be suitable for younger
  viewers.

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Mariebs Human Anatomy and Physiology Ninth
Edition Marieb w Hoehn

• Chapter 27
• Female Reproductive System
• Lecture 19
• Part 1 Overview Ovaries/Ovarian Cycle

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Functions of the Female Reproductive System

• Produce and maintain sex cells (eggs) a
  function of the ovaries, the primary sex organ
• Transport eggs to site of fertilization
• Produce female sex hormones
• Provide favorable environment for development of
  offspring
• Move offspring to outside (birth)

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Organs of the Female Reproductive System
(In anteflexion)
(Skenes glands lesser vestibular glands)
(Bartholins glands)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Ovaries and Their Attachments
Oophorectomy removal of one or both ovaries
Fold of peritoneum that attaches to sides and
floor of pelvic cavity (limits side-to-side
movement and rotation)
Posterior view
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Overview of Female Reproductive Cycle
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Overview of the Ovarian Cycle
Ovarian cycle events occurring monthly in an
ovary (oocyte growth and meiosis occur) cycle is
usually about 28 days long
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
Two phases 1) Follicular phase 2) Luteal phase
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Oogenesis
Oogonia stem cells
Process stops in meiosis I (Prophase)
Stimulated by FSH/LH
About 2 million primary oocytes at birth. By
puberty, there are about 400,000. Fewer than
400-500 will be released during a females
reproductive life. Probably fewer than 10 will
be fertilized.
How does oogenesis differ from spermatogenesis?
How is it the same?
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Ovarian Cycle Preovulatory (Follicular) Phase
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
(Graafian)
1.5 cm
Many
One
Few
Thecal and granulosa cells produce estrogens
8-10 days after beginning of cycle
10-14 days
(FSH)
(FSH)
LH
Meiosis II started
Meiosis I
Estrogen
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Ovarian Cycle Postovulatory (Luteal) Phase
(Day 14)
12 days post ovulation
Lipids used to synthesize progestins, e.g.,
progesterone (prepares uterine lining for
implantation)
LH
If fertilization has not occurred
LH
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Ovulation
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Review of Ovarian Cycle

• Preovulatory (follicular) phase (Day 1-14)
• FSH stimulates primordial follicle to develop
• Primary follicle secretes estrogen (from
  cooperation of granulosa and thecal cells)
• Tertiary follicle is a mature (Graafian) follicle
• Postovulatory (luteal) phase (Day 15-28)
• LH stimulates rupture of tertiary follicle
  (ovulation)
• Secondary oocyte is released (still in meiosis
  II)
• Corpus luteum develops from remnants of follicle
• Corpus luteum secretes progesterone which
  prepares the uterus for implantation
• If pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum
  involutes to become the corpus albicans (scar
  tissue) and menstruation will occur

13
Review

• Function of the female reproductive system
• Produce and maintain sex cells (eggs) a
  function of the ovaries, the primary sex organ
• Transport eggs to site of fertilization
• Provide favorable environment for development of
  offspring
• Move offspring to outside (birth)
• Produce female sex hormones

14
Review

• Several ligaments hold female reproductive
  structures in place
• Broad ligament
• Suspensory ligament
• Ovarian ligament
• Uterosacral ligament
• Peritoneum-lined recesses in female
• Rectouterine pouch separates uterus from colon
• Vesciouterine pouch separates uterus from
  urinary bladder

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Review

• During oogenesis
• Oogonia stop development in meiosis I (before
  birth)
• Secondary oocytes, rather than mature gametes,
  are released monthly at ovulation
• Ovarian cycle
• Cycle is about 28 days long
• Two main phases
• Preovulatory (follicular) 14 days
• Postovulatory (luteal) 14 days