Please answer:

1
Please answer

• How did the publishing of Upton Sinclairs The
  Jungle effect the operations of food industries
  in the United States?

2
The Progressive Era1880-1920

• APUSH Chapter 28

3
Essential Questions

• Why was a reform movement necessary during the
  late 19th century?
• How did industrialization, immigration,
  urbanization contribute to this movement?
• Who were the progressive reformers? (social class)

4
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire 1911 Spirit
p. 213
5
Progressive Era Amendments

• 17th Amendment
• Direct election of Senators
• 18th Amendment
• Prohibition of Alcohol
• 19th Amendment
• Womens suffrage

Significance of initiative, referendum, recall?
6
Progressive Roots

• Well before 1900, politicians and writers had
  begun to pinpoint targets for the progressive
  attack
• Henry Demarest Lloyd assailed the Standard Oil
  Company in 1894
• Wealth Against Commonwealth
•  Jacob A. Riis shocked middle-class Americans in
  1890 with
• How the Other Half Lives which described the dark
  and dirty slums of New York

7
Muckrakers

• Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of
  business during early 20th century
• Expose unethical/unfair business practices
• Expose abuse of power by big business
• Fought to end child labor
• Expose unsanitary unsafe conditions

8
Raking the Muck

• Popular magazines, (McClures, Colliers) , began
  to appear in American newsstands in 1902
• They exposed the corruption and scandal that the
  public loved to hate
• These were very popular with the average citizen,
  but much less so with the wealthy

9
Jacob Riis
Riiss book showed the plight of the urban poor,
mostly immigrants who were forced to live in
small cramped spaces that lacked adequate
sanitation or ventilation
10
Upton Sinclair

• Famous Muckraker
• Wrote The Jungle
• Exposes unsanitary conditions of the meat packing
  industry
• Greatly influenced others to investigate
  businesses

11

• At the turn of the Twentieth century, the United
  States was entering the era of progressivism.
  Following the tumultuous Gilded Age where each
  level of government favored big business, many
  lower-class Americans demanded change at the
  workplace. This included higher wages, the rights
  for workers to unionize without penalty, safer
  working conditions, amongst others.
• On September 20, 1878, Upton Sinclair was born in
  Baltimore, Maryland into a poor, lower class
  family. His family resided in Baltimore, until
  their move to New York City when he was ten.
  After finishing Columbia University, Sinclair
  traveled along the Northeast. He married Meta
  Fuller and settled down in Princeton, N.J. After
  publishing many unsuccessful novels, he got
  caught in the growing socialist movement in
  America under Eugene V. Debs. Sinclair began to
  write books advocating change through
  investigative journalism this practice was
  called muckraking. Upon hearing about a job in
  Chicago to investigate the meat-packing industry,
  he moved there to examine the workers
  conditions. He published his findings in The
  Jungle, a novel depicting an immigrant who worked
  in one of plants.

12

• Although many people thought the aim of The
  Jungle was to target the unsanitary conditions of
  the meat-packing industry, Sinclair was more
  focused on revolutionizing America into a
  socialistic society. He advocated for the end of
  wage slavery and a redistribution of wealth.
• How would Socialism change that?" asked the
  girl-student, quickly. It was the first time she
  had spoken.
• "So long as we have wage slavery," answered
  Schliemann, "it matters not in the least how
  debasing and repulsive a task may be, it is easy
  to find people to perform it. But just as soon as
  labor is set free, then the price of such work
  will begin to rise. So one by one the old, dingy,
  and unsanitary factories will come downit will
  be cheaper to build new and so the steamships
  will be provided with stoking machinery, and so
  the dangerous trades will be made safe, or
  substitutes will be found for their products. In
  exactly the same way, as the citizens of our
  Industrial Republic become refined, year by year
  the cost of slaughterhouse products will
  increase until eventually those who want to eat
  meat will have to do their own killingand how
  long do you think the custom would survive then?
• Excerpt from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

13
Ida Tarbell

• Who was her main target?
• Why?

John Rockefeller
14
Lincoln Steffens

• Famous book?
• The Shame of the Cities
• I have been over into the future, and it works."
  

15
Progressive Governors

• Robert M. LaFollette ? ?
• Governor of Wisconsin
• Took power back from big business (1901)
• Emerged as a leading figure in the Progressive
  movement
• Hiram W. Johnson
• Governor of California
• Broke the power of the Southern Pacific Railroad
  in state politics (1910)

16
Carrie Chapman Catt

• Reform movement?
• Why did she challenge the 14th 15th Amendments?
• Was she successful?
• Womens suffrage amendment?
• Spirit p. 224

17
Florence Kelley

• Associated with which reforms?
• Child labor
• Minimum Wage
• 8 hour workdays

18
Progressive Women

• Female activists worked through various
  organizations
• Women's Trade Union League
• National Consumers League
• Led by Florence Kelly (1899)
• Mobilized female consumers to pressure government
  for laws safeguarding women and children in the
  workplace

19
Theodore Roosevelt
Increased the power and prestige of the presidency

• 26th president of U.S.
• (1901 1909)
• Gained fame in Spanish American War
• First modern president transformed presidency
  into the strong executive office it is today
• Roosevelt saw the presidency as a bully pulpit
  from which he could influence news and shape
  legislation

20
Square Deal

• Various progressive reforms sponsored by
  Roosevelt to help common citizens
• Fight big business (trust-busting)
• Regulate the railroads
• Est. health guidelines for food industry
• Conserve natural resources Est. National Parks

21
TR the Trustbuster

• The Progressive movement needed a President to
  take on the Trusts
• In 1902, President Roosevelt challenged the
  Northern Securities Company (Trust)

• They sought to achieve a monopoly of the
  railroads in the Northwest
• The Supreme Court sided with the President and
  the trust was dissolved

22
Consumer Protection

• Backed by the public, President Roosevelt passed
  the Meat Inspection Act of 1906
• The public had been sickened by the Sinclair
  novel, The Jungle
• The act stated that the preparation of meat
  shipped over state lines would be subject to
  federal inspection
• Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
• Designed to prevent the adulteration and
  mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals

23
John Muir
Newlands Act of 1902
24
The Roosevelt Panic of 1907

• A panic descended upon Wall Street in 1907
• The financial world blamed the panic on President
  Roosevelt for unsettling the industries with his
  anti-trust tactics
• Congress passed the Aldrich-Vreeland Act in 1908
• Authorized national banks to issue emergency
  currency backed by various kinds of collateral

25
The Rough Rider Thunders Out

• TR decides not to run for a 3rd term in 1908
• Seeks someone to continue his progressive
  policies
• William H. Taft?
• Who does Taft run against in 1908?

26
William Howard Taft

• How did Taft fare as President?
• Compare Taft to another former President.
• Suffered from foot in mouth disease
• In what two areas did Taft make progress as
  President?

27
Tafts Dollar Diplomacy

• Improve financialopportunities for American
  businesses.
• Use private capital tofurther U. S.
  interestsoverseas.
• The U.S. should create stability abroad that
  would best promote Americas commercial
  interests.
• U.S. policy of using economic power to exert
  influence on other countries

28
Taft the Trustbuster

• Taft brought 90 suits against trusts double
  that of TR
• Taft pursues an anti-trust suit against U.S.
  Steel Corp
• TR had personally protected this trust
• Payne-Aldrich Bill infuriates progressives
• Stage is set for major problems in the Rep party

29
TR vs. Taft

• Republican party splinters behind TR Taft
• Election of 1912
• Taft Republicans
• Wilson Democrats
• Roosevelt Progressives
• Debs Socialists

Taft
Roosevelt
Wilson
Debs