Chapters 5 and 7 Genetics

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Chapters 5 and 7Genetics
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1. True or False? The failure of chromosomes to
separate properly during meiosis resulting in the
addition or deletion of one or more chromosomes
from a gamete is called trisomy.
- False - Nondisjunction
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2. Fill in the Blank Having an extra chromosome
usually produced when a gamete with an extra
chromosome is fertilized by normal gamete is
called __________.
- Trisomy
3. What is triploidy?
- Triploidy is when an organism has three sets of
chromosomes (3n)
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4. True or false? An organism which has more than
two (2n) sets of chromosomes is called polyploid.
- True
5. Sex linked inheritance involves which
chromosomes?

1. 1 and 2
2. X
3. Y
4. 2 and 3

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6. True or false? A pattern of inheritance where
trait is controlled by more than one gene is
continuous variation.
- False Polygenic inheritance
7. What are modifier genes?
Modifier genes are genes that work with other
genes to control the expression of a certain trait
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8. Name and describe 3 different genetic
disorders.
Alkaptonuria An individual has black
urine Albinism The eyes, skin and hair have no
pigment Tay-Sachs Disease Brains and spinal
cords deteriorate Phenylketonuria (PKU) If not
treated can cause a mental handicap Sickle Cell
Anemia Leads to blood clots and reduced blood
flow to vital organs Progeria Rapid aging
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9. Fill in the blank. The pigment in cells that
is responsible for the colour of an organisms
hair, skin and eyes is called ______?
- Melanin
10. True or false? A condition where the overall
red blood cell count is too low to support the
bodys oxygen requirement is called hemoglobin
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-False - Anemia
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11. How many alleles are involved in
heterogeneous advantage?

1. 3
2. 1
3. 2
4. 99393

12. Describe the process of gel electrophoresis.
Gel electrophoresis is a procedure in which
molecules travel through a gel subjective to an
electrical current
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13. True or false? An autosomal dominant
condition in which the brain deteriorates over a
number of years is called Huntington disease.
- True
14. The illustration of chromosomes in a
nucleus of a somatic cell is called
a) Fetoscopy b) Ultrasound c) Translocation d)
Karyotype
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• 15. Describe the effects of Duchenne muscular
  dystrophy and what causes it?
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes the muscle
  cells to become engorged with fat and connective
  tissue deposits, and eventually waste away. It is
  caused by an X-linked recessive inheritance.
• 16. Fill in the Blank
• A ________ involves a group of disorders that
  occur together.
• - Syndrome

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• 17. True or False?
• Some factors that can trigger deletion are
  irradiation, chemicals, and viruses.
• -True
• 18. True or False?
• Mutation is a change in the physical structure
  of a chromosome and a gene sequence is repeated
  within a chromosome.
• -False - Duplication

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• 19. What is Fragile X syndrome?
• Fragile X Syndrome is caused by duplication and
  it is a weak segment in an X chromosome.
• 20. Inversion occurs when
• a) A chromosome is duplicated, but in the reverse
  order
• b) A certain gene segment becomes free from its
  chromosome, and is reinserted in the reverse
  order
• c) Part of one chromosome changes part with
  another part of the same chromosome
• d) Chromosomes or chromatids do not separate
  during meiosis

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• 21. What is a disorder and a disease that are
  related to translocation?
• Down syndrome is related to translocation between
  chromosomes 14 and 21. Also cancer could occur if
  part of chromosome 8 exchanges places with
  chromosome 14.
• 22. What is amniocentesis used for?
• - Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used to
  test for abnormalities in a fetus.

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• 23. What is the difference between an amniotic
  sac and amniotic fluid?
• The amniotic sac is a fluid-filled membrane
  inside the uterus , which holds the amniotic
  fluid and the fetus.
• 24. True or False?
• The sampling of cells of chorion to test for
  genetic conditions in a fetus is called chorionic
  villi sampling.
• -True

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• 25. Fill in the Blank
• The tissue that surrounds the amniotic sac
  housing the fetus is called ________.
• Chorion
• 26. How does an ultrasound work?
• - An ultrasound works by sending sound waves that
  are unable to be heard by human ears through the
  amniotic fluid . These waves bounce off the fetus
  and create a three dimensional image of the
  fetus.

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• 27. Multiple Choice
• The placenta is a
• a) disease causing agent
• b) The structure that forms the chorion and the
  uterine wall and allows the fetus to obtain
  nutrients
• c) A molecule that contains a hydrocarbon
• d) A hormone produced in the pancreas

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28. True or False? An endoscope is a long tube
with a camera on the end that can be inserted
into a mothers abdomen and provide a clear view
of the fetus
- True
29. Fill in the blank Babies born with _____
_____ have a vertical groove in their upper lips
and into the roofs of the mouths
- Cleft Palates
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30. What is the major problem with cholesterol?
- Once cholesterol enters the blood stream it is
transported either to body cells or to the liver.
If cholesterol cannot enter the cell it will
circulate in the body and eventually collect
inside the walls of arteries, which will clog the
artery and cause an heart attack.
31. True or false? The medical procedure in which
normal or modified genes are transferred into
cells of an individual is called gene therapy
- True
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The End Please be sure you are able to complete
all the different types of genetic crosses and
family pedigrees we studied in class.
Additionally, be sure that you have thoroughly
read ch. 4-7, and have completed all of the
worksheets assigned.Good Luck!!!!!!