Psychological Disorders and Therapy

1
Psychological Disorders and Therapy

• Diagnosing, Identifying
• and Dealing
• Some of Chapter 14 all of Chapter 15 and 16

2
How do you know if somebody is mentally ill?

• Personality Inventories
• Objective
• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
  (MMPI-2)
• Projective
• Rorschach Inkblot Test
• Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

3
What is a psychological disorder?

• A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical,
  disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable
  behavior
• Perspective ? Therapy
• Medical Perspective
• Philippe Pinel (1800ish)
• Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective
• Learning Perspective
• Psychoanalytic
• Humanistic
• Classifying Disorders
• DSM-IV-TR
• Neurotic vs. psychotic

4
DSM-IV Diagnoses

• David Rosenhan and Thomas Szasz
• Major Classes
• Anxiety
• Affect
• Dissociative Disorders
• Schizophrenia
• Personality

5
Anxiety Disorders

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
• Panic Disorder
• Phobia
• Agora-
• Simple (Specific)
• Social
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Obsession
• Compulsion

6
Explaining Anxiety Disorders

• Learning Perspective
• Conditioning of Fear
• Biological Perspective
• Evolution
• Fear of Snakes
• Genes
• Identical Twins develop similar phobias
• Physiology
• Frontal lobe
• Serotonin
• Amygdala

7
Affective Disorders

• Major Depression
• Dysthymia
• Bipolar
• Mania
• Depression
• Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar
  Allan Poe
• Cyclothymia

8
Explaining Affective Disorders

• Psychoanalytic Perspective
• Childhood maladaptivity
• Biological Perspective
• Genetic runs in families
• Biochemical
• Norepinephrine overabundant during mania,
  scarce during depression
• Serotonin SSRIs
• Frontal Lobes less active in depression
• Cognitive Perspective
• Learned helplessness ? self-defeating beliefs
• M.E.P. Seligman
• Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)

9
Dissociative Disorders

• Depersonalization
• Dissociative Amnesia
• Dissociative Fugue
• Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

10
Schizophrenia

• Disorganized thinking
• Hallucinations delusions
• Grandeur
• Paranoid
• Reference
• Clanging word salad
• Flat Affect
• Types of Schizophrenia
• Positive Symptoms Negative Symptoms
• Chronic vs. acute
• Paranoid
• Disorganized
• Catatonic

11
Explaining Schizophrenia

• Brain Abnormalities
• Dopamine Overactivity
• Movement, learning, attention, emotion
• Glutamate Overactivity
• Brain Activity
• Low frontal lobe activity
• Planning and organization
• Fluid-filled sinuses
• Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
• Birth Factors
• Virus or starvation during pregnancy
• Genetics
• Behavioral Approach
• Token Economy

12
Personality Disorders

• Avoidant Personality
• Withdrawn b/c of anxiety
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Socially disengaged b/c of eccentricity
• Histrionic Personality
• Dramatic and impulsive
• Narcissistic
• Exaggerate own importance
• Borderline
• Unstable
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Prisoner
• Paranoid Personality Disorder

13
What is therapy?

• Psychological Therapies
• Psychoanalytic
• Humanistic
• Behavior
• Cognitive
• Group/Family
• Medical Therapies
• Drug
• ECT
• Psychosurgery

14
Psychoanalysis

• Unconscious childhood conflict ? uncover
  feelings/conflicts
• Based on Freuds theories
• ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
• Free association
• Hypnosis
• Regression
• Dream Interpretation
• Resistance/Interpretation
• Transference/Countertransference
• Psychodynamics
• Assuming todays behavior is caused by
  yesterdays conflicts

15
Humanistic Perspective

• Happiness? Self-Actualization
• Abraham Maslow/Carl Rogers
• Self-actualization
• Unconditional positive regard
• Self-concept/self-esteem
• Client-Centered Therapies
• Active-listening

16
Behavior Therapy

• Incorrect Learning ? Re-learning
• Classical Conditioning Therapy
• Counterconditioning
• Mary Cover Jones
• Systematic desensitization
• Progressive relaxation
• Flooding
• Aversive conditioning
• Operant Conditioning
• Token Economy

17
Cognitive Therapy

• Improper Thinking ? Thought Realigning
• Cognitive Therapy
• Depression
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• OCD/PET Scan Readings