Dr Amina Rashad and Dr Nahed Kandeel

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Qualitative Research and
Its Practical Applications

• Dr Amina Rashad and Dr Nahed Kandeel

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Analysing Qualitative Research
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Data Analysisa lot of hard work (Polit
Hungler 1993)

• Thematic and pattern analysis
• Content analysis
• Burnards 14 stage analysis

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Computerized data analysis

• In recent years software has been developed which
  can help with the analysis of qualitative data.
  Essentially they work on the principle of assist
  with the process of categorisation then
  collecting together items of information which
  appear to match under the given categories.
• The packages, if properly used, can save the
  researcher a great deal of time but a fair amount
  of human input is still required to identify and
  check categorisation.

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Computerized data analysis

• They also require transcripts to be prepared on a
  computer and some novices, may not have access to
  the IT resources necessary for computer analysis.
• Some of the most well known software packages are
  listed below.
• ATLAS
• NVivo
• NUDIST
• Ethnograph

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Manual Data Analysis

• Burnards fourteen stages of analysing interview
  transcripts (Burnard 1991).
• Burnards method is based on a synthesis between
  grounded and content analysis approach. This
  method was used to categorize and code the
  transcribed interview data.

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Burnards 14 Stage Analysis

• 1. Note taking
• 2. Immersion in data
• 3.Open coding
• 4.-5. Reduction Refinement
• 6. Checking
• 7.-8. Re-reading categorisation
• 9.-10 Rearrangement of data
• 11. Informant checking
• 12-14. Preparing to write, report writing,
  linking to literature

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Burnards 14 stages for analysing qualitative
interview
Description Stage
Writing memos after each interview to help categorizing the data later on   Stage one
Immersion in the data by reading through the transcript again and again with notes made Stage two
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Burnards 14 stages for analysing qualitative
interview
Reading through the transcript and try to generate headings or categories and written it down through the transcript. Stage three
Listing of the categories to avoid categories collapsing Stage four
Develop new list for categories and subheadings Stage five
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Burnards 14 stages for analysing qualitative
interview
Validate the categories by asking two college to read through the transcript and independent categories Stage six
Read the transcript along side the agreed list of categories to ensure that the categories covered all aspect of the interviews Stage Seven
Work the transcript against the agreed list and subheading. By using colour highlighting pens to distinguish each category and the piece of transcript related to it Stage eight
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Burnards 14 stages for analysing qualitative
interview
Cut out the transcript according to the coding categories and collecting each coded section in file Stage nine
Past the cut out sections onto sheets headed up with categories and sub categories Stage ten
Check whether the quotations fit with categories Keep all the complete interviews and all section in a file together for direct reference Stage eleven
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Burnards 14 stages for analysing qualitative
interview
Writing up process, starting section by section Stage thirteen
Deciding wither or not writing the finding with or without the discussion Stage fourteen
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Thank you very much