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Origins of the U.S. Government

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Title: Origins of the U.S. Government


1
Origins of the U.S. Government
  • A.P. Government Politics
  • Unit 1

2
How do governments form?
  • Force
  • Establishing control through violence
  • Evolution
  • Gradual development of government
  • Divine Right
  • God grants certain people the right to rule
  • Social Contract
  • People freely enter into a state

3
What are the types of government?
  • Totalitarianism
  • Rules with absolute authority
  • May be a single or multiple ruler (oligarchy)
  • May be focused on self or common good (dictator v
    monarchy)
  • Unitary
  • Power is held by a centralized agency and
    filtered out to local governments
  • Federal
  • Powers are divided between one central government
    and several local governments

4
What are the types of government?
  • Confederation
  • An alliance of independent states
  • Democracy
  • Political authority rest with the people
  • May be Direct or Indirect

5
What influenced the founders?
  • Roman Republic
  • Two house legislature
  • Greeks
  • Democratic rule
  • Focus on common good civic virtue

6
What influenced the founders?
  • British
  • How did each of the following influence the
    founders?
  • Magna Carta
  • Petition of Right
  • Bill of Rights

7
What influenced the founders?
  • Hobbes people are evil and will enter a social
    contract to escape the evil in society
  • A strong central government is necessary

8
What influenced the founders?
  • Locke
  • people are good and will enter a social contract
    to protect their natural rights
  • People have three natural rights life, liberty,
    and property

9
What influenced the founders?
  • Montesquieu Separating powers among
    three branches creates a checks and balances
    system that protects peoples rights

10
Articles of Confederation
  • Problems?
  • Lacked national unity
  • Weak central government
  • No backing for currency
  • No power to tax
  • Could not regulate interstate commerce
  • No judicial system

11
Constitutional Convention
  • Attended by 55 delegates
  • 39 were members of the Continental Congress or
    Confederation Congress
  • 31 were college graduates
  • Most important members not present
  • Sam Adams, John Hancock, Patrick Henry, and
    Thomas JeffersonRelevance?
  • Average age was 42
  • How did the younger delegates view the executive?
    (Madison, Wilson, Hamilton)
  • How did the older delegates view the executive?
    (Franklin, Sherman)

12
Convention Debates
  • What were they?
  • Virginia plan
  • New Jersey plan
  • Connecticut Compromise
  • 3/5s compromise

13
The Constitution
14
Principles
  • Popular Sovereignty The authority flows from the
    people
  • Limited Government No one is above the law
  • Separation of Powers All powers are divided up
    among the three branches
  • Checks and Balances Each branch has some control
    over the others
  • Federalism The powers divided among the central
    government and state governments

15
Article IU.S. Congress
16
Article I
House Senate
Members
Citizenship
Residency
Age
Term

17
Article I
House Senate
Members 435 100
Citizenship 7 years 9 years
Residency In state In state
Age 25 30
Term 2 years 6 years

18
Article I
  • Implied powers
  • Art 1 sec8 clause 18
  • Borrow money create a bank
  • Expressed Powers
  • Regulate commerce
  • Create currency
  • Borrow money
  • Tax
  • Raise a military
  • Declare war
  • Create courts
  • Inherent powers
  • Impeach the president
  • Approve executive appointments
  • Approve treaties

19
Article II
20
Article II
  • Qualifications
  • Natural born citizen
  • 35 years old
  • Lived in the U.S. for 14 years
  • Term
  • 4 year term
  • (no more than 2 consecutive terms or 10 years)

21
Article II
  • Selection
  • Electoral college
  • Each state sends members Congressional Rep.
  • Majority wins (No majority? House decides)
  • Removal
  • House issues impeachment
  • Senate removes

22
Article II
  • Executive powers
  • Chief of State The ceremonial head of the
    government
  • Chief Executive Has the power to execute the
    laws
  • Chief Diplomat Establishes U.S. foreign policy
  • Commander in Chief Head of the military
  • Legislative powers
  • Shapes public policy
  • vetoes laws
  • Judicial powers
  • Appoints judges
  • Pardons criminals

23
Article IIIJudicial Branch
24
Article III
  • Qualifications
  • None
  • Make up
  • Constitution establishes Supreme Court
  • Congress establishes lower courts
  • Term
  • Life
  • Jurisdiction
  • Original jurisdiction on all federal law
  • Appellate jurisdiction

25
Article IV-VII
  • Article IV Role of states
  • State Relations
  • Extradition
  • New States

Article VI Supremacy of the Constitution
  • Article VII Ratification
  • 9 of the 13 states
  • Article V Amending the Constitution
  • 2/3 House Senate
  • ¾ of States
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