Project management

1
Project management

• Topic 3
• Quality

2
Quality management

• Quality is the process of identifying the
  characteristics of the product that satisfies the
  stated needs of the customer
• Quality management is the process of ensuring
  that the quality expected by the customer is
  achieved

3
Quality management

• Quality system
• The structure, procedures and processes to
  implement quality management. Agreement is made
  to use the customer or supplier quality systems
  or a mixture of both
• Quality assurance
• Creates and maintains the quality system
• Monitors the quality system to ensure quality
  requirements are met
• Should be independent of the Project Team and
  Project Manager
• Quality planning
• Determines the objectives and the requirements
  for quality
• Project Quality Plan states the customers quality
  expectations
• Each stage plan details the quality activities to
  be done
• Product Descriptions contain the quality checking
  criteria
• Quality control
• Examines the products in a Quality Review to make
  sure they meet the quality criteria

4
Customers quality expectations

• Both customer and supplier understand and agree
  on the quality required
• All products do not have the same quality
  expectations. Is the product designed to last a
  lifetime or is it use once, throw away?
• Consider the balance between quality, cost and
  time (implementation dates)
• Expectations include (find metrics)
• Functional requirements, performance, accuracy,
  practicability, security, compatibility,
  reliability, maintainability, expandability,
  flexibility, clarity

5
Standards

• ISO (International Standards Organisation) issues
  an international range of standards including
  those for Quality Management Systems
• ISO has a standard ISO 8402 for quality
  management system requirements in the
  design/development, production, installation and
  servicing of a product, including project
  management
• ISO standard may be used to create the QMS, the
  customer may require the supplier to hold ISO
  accreditation, the ISO standard may be
  incorporated in the quality policy of the
  business

6
Definitions

• Quality Management System
• The QMS is a set of standards covering all the
  normal work done by the business
• Each standard specifies the techniques, tools,
  required expertise and steps to be used in the
  creation of a specific type of product. If the
  product is a document, the standard will also
  cover its format or appearance
• Quality Organisation Structure
• Shows who is responsible for setting quality
  policy and standards and monitors the use of the
  standards
• Quality Policy
• States the business attitude towards quality on
  anything it makes and uses. The quality policy
  should direct and influence the suppliers
  attitude about reviewing quality

7
Definitions

• Quality Assurance
• Responsibility for setting and monitoring quality
  standards for the site. A representative from
  this group may join the Project Board in the
  project assurance role
• Project Assurance
• Identifies products being developed that require
  quality assurance
• Verifies that quality checking arrangements for
  these products are satisfactory
• Verifies the method of inspection
• Verifies control points in the products
  development, a control point identifies when an
  inspection will be held
• Advises on suitable people to be involved in the
  inspection

8
Project Quality Plan

• Specifies how the project will meet the
  customers quality expectations
• Identifies the techniques and standards to be
  used
• May reference a QMS with the business standards
• Identifies quality responsibilities for the
  project
• Project assurance responsibilities
• Project Manager responsibilities
• Configuration Librarian responsibilities
• Project Board members assurance responsibilities
• Quality Plan is part of the PID

9
Stage Quality Plan

• Identifies the methods and resources to be used
  to check the quality of each product
• Specifies when the quality review will take place
  and how long it will take
• Quality checking may be done as the product is
  designed and developed
• Quality checking may be done after development as
  acceptance criteria testing
• Project Assurance selects the chairperson and
  reviewers

10
Product Descriptions

• Each product has a Product Description which
  includes
• Quality criteria of the product
• Method for checking the criteria
• Involve the customers staff, the people who will
  use the product in defining descriptions and
  quality criteria

11
Quality Control

• Quality review is a structured review of a
  product. Selected reviewers check the product for
  errors against the quality criteria. Errors are
  corrected and checked and the product achieves
  sign off
• At sign off, configuration management freezes or
  baselines the product, updates the status to
  completed and notifies the Project Manager

12
Quality Log

• Records all the quality checking done for
  products in the project
• Quality checking activities are logged as they
  are planned in the next stage plan
• The quality log is updated with results when
  checks are done
• Quality log provides an audit trail of the
  quality checking done in the project

13
Project Issues

• A quality check may find an error that requires a
  lot of time and resources to fix
• If this error is beyond the tolerance of the
  stage it is escalated to the Project Board in an
  Exception Report
• The Project Board may decide to correct the
  error. An exception plan is created and
  correction activities are planned
• The Project Board may decide, because of time
  constraints, to approve a product that contains
  an error record kept of rationale for decision

14
Fundamentals

• Project quality planning covers
• How each product will be tested against its
  quality criteria
• Objectively with metrics
• Subjectively with opinion and judgment
• When each product will be checked against its
  quality criteria
• Who will check each product against its quality
  criteria
• How acceptance will be notified