Properties of Matter

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Properties of Matter
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Warm Up

• How do the arrangement and behavior of particles
  of matter differ in solids, liquids, and gases?

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What is Matter?

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
  space.

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Solids

• Has a rigid, definite shape
• The atoms, ions, or molecules that make up a
  solid are fixed in place

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Liquids

• Has an indefinite shape
• Is flowing matter with definite volume
• Takes the shape of its container
• Particles of a liquid can move and easily glide
  over each other

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Gas

• Has no definite shape
• Has no definite volume
• Is compressible matter
• Particles of gas are much farther apart and are
  easily pushed together

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Physical Properties

• Observed or measured without changing the
  composition of matter.
• Physical properties are used to observe and
  describe matter.

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Physical Properties can be

• Extensive

• Intensive

• Dependent on the amount of matter there is.
• Mass
• Weight
• Volume
• Length

• Do NOT depend on the amount of matter present.
• Color
• Boiling Point
• Melting Point
• Temperature
• Density
• Brittleness
• Viscosity

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Chemical Properties

• What happens when a substance undergoes a
  chemical reaction.
• Examples Flammability
• acidic and basic
• oxidation
• radioactivity

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Physical Change

• DOES NOT produce a new substance.
• Changes the physical appearance but not its
  identity.
• Phase changes ARE physical changes!!!

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Chemical Change

• process by which a substance becomes a new and
  different substance. (AKA Chemical Reaction)
• Example Reaction of sulfuric acid and sugar. The
  acid dehydrates the sugar forming a pillar of
  carbon (black) and steam.

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Can this change be reversed?

• Yes- physical change
• No- chemical change

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Indicators of a Chemical Change

• Gas is produced
• Light is produced
• A solid (precipitate) is formed from 2 liquids
• Temperature change
• Permanent color change

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Temperature Change

• Exothermic-feels hot
• -The reaction releases or produces heat
• Endothermic- feels cold
• -The reaction absorbs heat

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Chemical Reactions

•  

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Law of Conservation of Mass

• Matter CANNOT be created or destroyed during a
  chemical reaction.

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• How many Carbon atoms are on the left and right?
• 6 and 6
• How many Hydrogen atoms are on the left and
  right?
• 12 and 12
• How many Oxygen atoms are on the left and right?
• 18 and 18

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Law of Conservation of Mass

•  

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Energy

• The capacity to do work.

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Potential Energy

• The energy of position.
• The energy that is stored in the chemical bonds
  of compounds.

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Gasoline stored at a gas station
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Kinetic Energy

• Energy of motion

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• As the gasoline is burned, energy is released
  from the bonds and
• is used to power the cars engine.

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Law of Conversion of Energy

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it just
  changes FORM.

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Forms of Energy

• Radiant
• Chemical
• Nuclear

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Forms of Energy

• Electrical
• Mechanical
• Thermal

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Thermal Energy

• It can be transported 3 different ways.

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Convection

• The transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid
  (not in solids) by movement of currents.
• The heat moves with the fluid.
• Example
• The beach hot air rises, cooler air from the
  ocean comes into replace it, and then the cool
  breeze cools your body.

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Conduction

• The transfer of heat energy through matter from
  particle to particle.
• Material are actually touching!
• Most effective in solids, but can happen in
  fluids.
• Example
• Beaker on a hot plate becomes warmer because the
  heat from the hot plate is conducted along the
  beaker.

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Radiation

• The transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic
  waves
• Only form that can occur in empty space without
  the aid of Solids, Liquids, or Gases
• Example
• Sunlight travels through space via radiation.

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What is the way that thermal energy is
transported in the following?

• Your leg becomes warm when you place a heating
  pad on it.

conduction
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What is the way that thermal energy is
transported in the following?

• The headlights on your car allow you to see at
  night.

Radiation
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What is the way that thermal energy is
transported in the following?

• Hot soup transfers heat to the air above it.

Convection
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Law of Conservation of Energy
Radiant Sunlight Chemical glucose produced
in plants via photosynthesis Mechanical Rabbit
eats Plants for energy to hop