Matter

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Matter
Brass
Granite
Ice-Water
Salt Water
Milk
Oil-Water
Air
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Phase Types
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Bose Einstein Condensate
Plasma
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Colloidal Systems
Emulsion
Foam
Aerosol
Sol
Gel
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Amorphous Solids
Glass
Plastic
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Processes?
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Properties
The Merck Index
Reddish, lustrous, ductile, malleable metal...
Becomes dull when exposed to air. In moist air
gradually becomes coated with green basic
carbonate. Density 8.94. mp 1083o. bp
2595o. Mohs hardness 3.0. Very slowly
attacked by hydrochloric acid or dil. sulfuric
acid readily by dil. nitric acid, and by both
hot concd H2SO4 and HBr.
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Filtration
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Separatory Funnel
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Distillation
Alcohol bp 78.5oC
Water bp 100oC
wine
brandy
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Chromatography
TLC Chromatogram of an Ink
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Compounds vs. Elements
Lavoisiers Demonstration of the Compound Nature
of Water
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The Discovery of Phosphorus
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Systematic Approach to Elements
Portrait of Monsieur Lavoisier and his WifeBy
Jacques-Louis David
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Elements of Chemistry By Antoine Lavoisier
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Law of Conservation of Mass
Respiration Experiment by Antoine Lavoisier
Sugar Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water
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Law of Definite Composition
Cupric Carbonate
51.39 Copper 9.72 Carbon 38.89 Oxygen
Joseph Louis Proust
Synthetic Sample
Natural Sample
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Alloys
Brass
Multiple Oxide
Claude Louis Berthollet
Stannic Oxide
Stannous Oxide
Mistaken Assays
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Berzellius Experiment
Jons Jakob Berzellius
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Law of Multiple Proportions
Lavoisiers Experiment
Charcoal
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Oxides of Carbon
Carbonic Acid
Carbonic Oxide
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Daltons Atomic Theory
John Dalton

• Elements Composed of indivisible atoms.
• Atoms are alike for a given element.
• Atoms for different elements differ in size,
  mass, etc.
• Compounds are formed from two or more atoms of
  different elements.
• Atoms combine is simple numerical ratios to form
  compounds.

Rule of Greatest Simplicity
When atoms combine in only one ratio, "..it must
be presumed to be a binary one, unless some cause
appear to the contrary"
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Daltons Atoms
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Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Daltons Chemical Formulations
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Berzellius Use of Symbols to Represent Atoms
Nearly all the symbols suggested by Berzelius are
in use today. At first symbols were not very
popular among chemists. As late as 1837,
Dalton complained that Berzelius symbols are
horrifying a young student in chemistry might as
well learn Hebrew as make himself acquainted with
them. They appear like a chaos of atoms .. to
equally perplex the adept of Science, to
discourage the learner as well as to cloud the
beauty of the Atomic Theory.
The Development of Modern Chemistry By Aaron J.
Ihde