Ch 6 Lifeguarding

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Ch 6 Lifeguarding

• Before Providing Care Victim Assessment

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Blood Borne Pathogens

• Are bacteria and viruses present in blood and
  body fluids, which cause disease to humans.
• Bacteria can live outside the body
• Viruses are in the body and difficult to kill
• Are spread through direct or indirect contact
• The primary concern for professional rescuers are
  hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV

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Direct contact

• Kissing
• Touching
• Sex

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Indirect contact

• Coming in contact with something that has been
  touched by droplets of an infected person
• Sneeze
• Cough

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Bacteria

• Can be treated with antibiotics
• Strep throat
• Gonorrhea
• Anthrax
• Lyme disease

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Viruses

• Few medications can fight viruses
• The bodys immune system is number one protection
  against infection
• Influenza
• Chickenpox
• Ebola

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Viruses Continued

• Herpes
• Hepatitis
• HIV/AIDS

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Herpes

• A highly contagious STD that is caused by two
  forms of herpes simplexes
• Simplex 1-fever blisters/ cold sores in the mouth
  or lips
• Simplex 2-blister-like lesions in the genital
  areas

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Hepatitis B

• Is a liver infection
• Can be severe or fatal
• Sign and symptoms jaundice, fatigue, joint pain,
  nausea, loss of appetite
• There is currently a vaccine (3 doses)

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Hepatitis C

• Liver disease
• Most common chronic bloodborne infection in the
  US
• Signs symptoms jaundice, dark urine, abdominal
  pain, loss of appetite, nausea
• There is no vaccination and no treatment after
  exposure

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HIV

• This virus causes AIDS
• Destroys the immune system
• Signs symptoms many
• No cure or vaccination

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Fact About AIDS

• The disease
• AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• Caused by HIV
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Famous People Affected/ Died From HIV/AIDS

• Arthur Ashe
• Rock Hudson
• Liberache
• Freddy Mercury
• Magic Johnson

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How is the Disease Transmitted?

• The virus enters three basic ways
• Through direct contact with the blood stream
  (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk)
• Through the mucous membrane linings (eyes, mouth,
  throat, rectum, vagina)
• Mother to unborn baby

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Prevention

• Your behavior can put you at risk for being
  infected with HIV, HBV/HCV
• Sharing needles
• Unprotected sex

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First Aid Precautions

• Make sure immunizations are up to date
• Avoid touching body fluids
• Wear disposable gloves dispose of properly
• Wash hands before and after care
• Clean areas that come in contact with body fluids
  (water/bleach solution)

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Precautions continued

• Use a pocket mask when giving mouth-to-mouth
  resuscitation
• Dont eat, drink, or touch your mouth, nose, or
  eyes when giving care
• Be prepared by having first aid kit handy
  stocked with protective equipment supplies

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Pocket Masks
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Removing Latex Gloves

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Skill AssessmentGlove Removal
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General Procedures for Injury or Sudden Illness
on Land

• 1. Size up the scene
• Is scene safe?
• Look for dangers (down power lines, traffic,
  explosions, etc)
• Put on protective equipment
• What happened?
• of victims
• Additional help needed? (fire, police, EMS)

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General Procedures cont

• 2. Perform Initial Assessment
• Is done to identify life-threatening conditions

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How to perform initial assessment

• CHECK the victim for consciousness obtain
  CONSENT if victim is conscious
• Tap on shoulder, askare you ok? Pinch an infants
  toe
• IF NO RESPONSESummon EMS
• CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing)
• Look, listen, feel
• CHECK for a pulse
• Carotid artery in neck (adult/child)
• Brachial artery inside arm/bicep (infant)
• CHECK severe bleeding

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General Procedures cont

• Summon EMS
• 9-1-1
• Give conditions
• Perform Secondary Assessment
• Identifies additional conditions
• May become life threatening if not cared for

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Demonstrate Practice Performing Initial
Assessment

• Pages 95-96

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Demonstrate Practice Emergency Moves (pp.
98-100)

• Two-person seat carry
• Walking assist
• Pack-strap carry