Digestion Functions

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Digestion Functions

• Taelar Shelton, MS, ATC, AT/L

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Mouth

• Food is acted upon physically and chemically
• Papillae contain taste buds and are located on
  the tongue
• 32 teeth in mouth
• Tongue positions food toward basic of mouth to
  swallow

3
Salivary Glands

• Parotid- secreation of saliva
• Sublingual- amylase is a digestive enzyme found
  in saliva
• Submandibular- provides digestive enzyme
  (amylase) to moisten food to make it easier to
  swallow
• Enzymes help begin the digestion of carbohydrates

4
Pharynx

• Mouth to esophagus

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Trachea

• Respiratory system functions

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Esophagus

• About 10-12 inches long
• Peristalsis
• Heartburn in the burning sensation due to
  irritation caused by stomach aced backing up into
  the esophagus

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Cardiac Sphincter

• Allows food to enter the stomach
• Prevent stomach contents from backing up into
  esophagus

8
Stomach

• Temporary storage of food
• Mix and churns food
• Secretes gastric juices for digestion (mucus,
  hydrochloric acid, enzymes)
• The major role of the stomach is not digestion
• Gastric ulcers can be caused by HCL irritation of
  the stomach lining

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Pyloric Sphincter

• Allows small amounts of food to intermittantly
  enter the duodenum
• ski lift operator

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Duodenum

• Can develop ulcers
• Length of all 3 portions of small intestines is
  about 20 feet
• Completes charbohydrate and protein digestion
• Villi help increase surface area

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Jejunum and Ilium

• Villi helps absorb products of digestion
• Completes digestion of protein, fats and
  carbohydrates
• Absorbs the end products of digestion into blood
  stream
• Carbohydrates glucose
• Fats fatty acid glycerol
• Proteins ammino acids

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Iliocecal Sphincter

• Regulates the passing of material from the small
  intestine to large intestine

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Cecum

• Collects waste products from digestive process

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Appendix

• Can become inlammed
• May need to be surgically removed

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Colon

• Ascending Colon- to absorb excess water from
  waste material
• Transverse Colon- peristalsis
• Descending Colon- about 5-6 feet
• Sigmoid Colon- cleans large intestine, prevents
  excess absorbtion of water

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Rectum

• Collects and eliminates waste

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Gall Bladder

• Collects and secretes bile
• Contracts to release bile into duodenum

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Liver

• Produces bile- helps digest fats
• Converts glucose into glycogen
• Acts on chyme as it passes through the duodenum

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Pancreas

• Secreates pancreatic juices to act on carbs, fats
  and proteins