B. PROTEINS

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• B. PROTEINS
• ARE ORGANIC
• MOLECULES
• MADE OF THE
• ELEMENTS C,H,O,N,S

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2. EXIST AS AMINO ACIDS, DIPEPTIDES AND
POLYPEPTIDES
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3. DIVIDED INTO TWO CATEGORIES
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• STRUCTURAL
• ACTIN ,
• MYOSIN,
• COLLAGEN, ELASTIN
• KERATIN, SPONGIN ( IN
• SPONGES

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b. FUNCTIONAL ADRENALINE, PEPSIN, AMYLASE,
TRYPSIN, INSULIN GLUCAGON, ANTIBODIES
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4. ARE MADE OF MONOMERS CALLED AMINO ACIDS
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5. TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF AN AMINO ACID
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LE 5-UN78
a carbon
Amino group
Carboxyl group
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phenylalanine
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leucine
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valine
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6. TWO AMINO ACIDS LINK TO FORM A DIPEPTIDE
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THROUGH A CONDENSATION REACTION IN WHICH A
PEPTIDE BOND IS FORMED
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7. POLYPEPTIDES ARE LARGE CHAINS OF AMINO
ACIDS
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8. ENZYMES ARE CATALYSTS WHICH CHANGE THE RATE
OF A CHEMICAL REACTION. SEE PAGE 62
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STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN PRIMARY STRUCTURE ITS
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
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SECONDARY STRUCTURE EXIST EITHER AS A COIL OR
A PLEATED SHEET
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TERTIARY STRUCTURE FOLDING THAT RESULTS FROM
THE INTERACTIONS OF THE R GROUPS OF THE AMINO
ACIDS
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FOLDING IS INFLUENCED BY HYDROPHOBIC VS.
HYDROPHILIC POSITIVE VS. NEGATIVE DISULFIDE
BRIDGES
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QUARTERNARY STRUCTURE RESULTS FROM MANY
PROTEINS EXISTING AS TWO OR MORE POLY- PEPTIDE
CHAINS
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Denaturing of proteins Factors can disrupt the
Secondary and tertiary Structure of proteins.
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• Factors like
• Heat due to Kinetic E
• Alcohol disrupts H bonds
• Acids/Bases- H and OH-bond with or- ions
• Heavy Metal Salts often precipitate out of
  solution