Protestant reformation

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Protestant reformation

• By Kenny Suykry

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Geography

• The Protestant Reformation was centered in
  Western Europe, with Germany being one of the
  main battlegrounds.
• The close proximity of Germany to Italy, the home
  of Catholicism, made it an area riddled with
  religious conflict, especially when the idea of
  Protestantism came into play.
• The Protestant Reformation also affected
  Switzerland, France, England, Netherlands,
  Ireland, and Scotland.

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Geography continued
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Politics

• The political atmosphere was drastically altered
  with the coming of the Protestant Revolution. It
  hit places such as England and the Holy Roman
  Empire, or Germany.
• In England, Henry VIII wanted to marry another
  woman and demanded the pope approve it. However,
  since he had already done so once before as an
  exception, the pope now refused.
• As a result, Henry VIII decided to split from the
  Catholic Church and create his Anglican Church.
  Here, he was the top man and he controlled the
  church. Although it was somewhat Protestant, the
  church was more conservative than others.

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Politics continued

• In Central Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was
  widely split. There were princes who wanted
  their kingdoms to be Protestant, while others
  wanted to stick to their Catholic origins.
• The movement was started with Martin Luther and
  his 95 Theses, who ignited debate over whether
  areas wanted to have Protestantism or
  Catholicism. Although this was settled in the
  Peace of Augsburg, conflict remained.
• Eventually, this resulted in the 30 years war,
  with most the conflict between the Catholics and
  Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Politics continued

• The 30 years war eventually included the French
  and the Habsburg. It shifted from a religious
  war to a political one as the French entered on
  the Protestant side.
• The French, seeing the the Habsburg were gaining
  power, sought to stop this and used the
  Protestant cause as an excuse to enter war.
• The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia that
  also effectively ended the Protestant Reformation.

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Intellectual

• During the Protestant Reformation, the main
  instigator of change was Martin Luther, a German
  monk who began the movement with his 95-theses.
• Martin Luther translated and mass produced the
  Bible in German vernacular in order to spread the
  Bible to more people. In addition to this, his
  idea of Lutheranism differed from Catholicism by
  using the Bible as its sole source of divine
  knowledge.

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Religious

• Inspired by Martin Luthers challenging of the
  Catholic Church, many new theologies sprouted,
  such at Lutheranism in the Germanic region,
  Calvinism, Zwinglianism in Switzerland, and the
  Puritan movement in England.
• The Calvinist ideas included the fact that the
  only way to obtain Gods knowledge was to study
  the scriptures. Also, he refuses the use of
  imagery of God, as he believes it could lead to
  idols.

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Religious continued

• Zwinglianism was based on the bible, taking
  scriptures and placing them above all else. Both
  state and church are under the rule of God.
• Puritans wanted the English Church to be more
  similar to the Protestant Churches and tried to
  reform it. They rejected ornaments and rituals.

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Religious again

• A major religious event that occurred in 1521 was
  the Diet of Worms, an imperial assembly called by
  the Holy Roman Empire.
• To protect the Catholic Churches authority,
  Charles Vs advisors suggested that Luther was a
  threat and a heretic and that he needed to be
  brought before the Diet of Worms.
• He was however, too busy with political and
  military concerns so Martin Luther was able to
  freely move about.

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Artistic

• The key artistic form that developed during the
  Protestant Reformation was the style of Baroque
  art. Baroque art is characterized by its use of
  exaggerated motion to produce drama and tension
  in art. This was a reaction to the Protestant
  Reformation by the Roman Catholic Church who
  believed that the arts should communicate
  religious ideas. These works were popular with
  aristocracy who used it as a show of power and
  wealth.

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Artistic images
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More art
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More art
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technological

• The main invention that was important during the
  Protestant Reformation was the printing press,
  invented almost a century before the start of the
  Protestant Reformation. However, it was the
  invention that started the Protestant Reformation
  and ultimately cultivated it. Martin Luther used
  the printing press to mass print his German
  version of the Bible. Also, he used it to spread
  his new ideas and issues with the church.
  Through this, he was able to spread his ideas
  across the continent and influence many other
  people to challenge the Catholic Church, such as
  Calvin and Zwingli.

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Economic

• During the Protestant Reformation there were few
  to almost no chances economically. The movement
  was mainly political, social, and religious and
  didnt effect the economies of countries

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social

• The Protestant Reformation led to many social
  changes, including witch hunts, centralization of
  family in society, and the Protestant work ethic.
• Witch hunts were a common practice, with the
  number 1 practicing country being Germany,
  followed by France.
• Family was now seen as the foundation for
  religion, not the churches for Protestants.
• The Protestant work ethic that came through the
  new teachings helped create a society of harder
  working people. This led to the development of a
  larger middle class and spurred the development
  of capitalism.

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Social effects continued

• In the Protestant Reformation, woman gained
  ground as they were encouraged to read and study
  the bible themselves. However, they were still
  expected to remain subordinate to their husbands
  or father.