Settling the Northern Colonies

1
Settling the Northern Colonies

• 1619 1700

2
Religion

• 1517 Protestant reformation
• 1536 John Calvin --- Calvinism
• The elect
• Predestination
• Conversion
• Visible saints
• Puritans v. Separatists

3
Pilgrims the Mayflower

• 1620 Pilgrims/Mayflowergt Plymouth
• Less than ½ were actually Puritans
• Squatters no charter, suppose to settle in
  Virginia
• Mayflower Compact (1620)
• town meetings
• Simple agreement to form a crude government
  submit to the will of
  majority

4
Plymouth

• 1st Thanksgiving (1621)
• Plentiful harvest/ Wampanoag Indians
• William Bradford Governor
  (reelected 30x)
• Afraid that non-Puritans would corrupt his godly
  experiment
• Never important politically or economically

5
Great Puritan Migration - 1630

• Massachusetts Bay Colony
• John Winthrop Governor for 19 years calling
  from God
• Purposed of government was to enforce Gods laws
• Model society for humankind

• General court
• Protestant ethic work!
• Day of Doom
• Persecution of Quakers
• We shall be as a city upon a hill.

6
Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

• Franchise granted to all freemen- adult males
  who belonged to Puritan congregations
• Town government all male property holders/
  majority rule
• Believers non-believers paid taxes to support
  church

7
Puritans

• Separation of church and state clergy could not
  hold political office
• Could hire fire ministers and set their
  salaries
• Enjoyed earthly pleasures

8
Roger Williams - 1635

• Denied the authority of civil government to
  regulate religious behavior
• Banished
• Fled to Rhode Island (1636)- with help of Indians

• Extreme separatist
• Condemned colony for taking Indian land without
  compensation (Mass. Bay Colony)
• 1st Baptist church in America

9
Rhode Island -- 1636

• Established by Roger Williams
• Freedom of religion
• No oaths or taxes to support a church

• Simple manhood suffrage
• Strongly individualistic/ stubbornly independent
• Many religious dissenters

10
Anne Hutchinson - 1638

• Banished for heresy from Mass. Bay Colony
• Belief a holy life was no sure sign of
  salvation
• Moved to Rhode Island
• Antinomianism belief that those whom God had
  marked for salvation need not obey secular laws

11
Connecticut Colony (1635)

• Highly fertile land
• Thomas Hooker -leader
• Fundamental Orders (1639) (constitution)
• 1638 New Haven established no charter
• Merged with Connecticut under Charles IIs orders

12
New Hampshire (1679)

• Granite rich area
• Separated from Mass. Bay Colony under Kings
  orders
• Massachusetts Bay colony exaggerated the charter
  to include New Hampshire
• King split colonies into royal colonies

13
Puritans versus Indians

• King Philips War (1675-1676)
• King Philip (Metacom) launched attacks on English
  villages
• Slowed westward march of English settlement in
  New England
• Lasting defeat of New Englands Indians
• Last serious Indian challenge to white settlement

14
New England Confederation (1643)

• 4 colonies banded together Puritan Club
• Mass Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven
• Defense against the Indians, the French, the
  Dutch
• Settled intercolonial problems
• First milestone on road to colonial unity

15
Monarch

• 1660- Charles II restored to English throne
• End of Benign Neglect
• Took an active, aggressive hand in the management
  of the colonies flexing his muscles

16
Dominion of New England(1686)

• Created by royal authority
• Purpose colonial defense administration of the
  English Navigation Laws
• stop trade with countries not ruled by English
  crown
• Smuggling began

17
Sir Edmund Andros

• Led Dominion of New England
• authoritarian rule
• Stopped town meetings
• Heavy restrictions on courts, press, school
• Revoked all land titles
• Tax without consent
• Suppress smuggling enforce Navigation Laws
• Dominion collapsed with the Glorious Revolution
  (1688-1689) William Mary come to throne

18
New York

• 1623-24 New Netherlands established by the
  Dutch West India Company
• Fur trade along Hudson River valley
• New Amsterdam (NYC) protected from Indian attacks
  by a wall
• Aristocratic/Patroonships received estates if
  you settled 50 people
• No enthusiasm for religious toleration,
  free speech, or democratic practices
• Cosmopolitan population

19
New Amsterdam Surrenders

• 1664- Dutch English want New Amsterdam
• Peter Stuyvesant forced to surrender to English
• Land given to Duke of York by his brother King
  Charles II

20
Pennsylvania

• 1681 Established by William Penn as a refuge
  for the Quakers
• Quaker beliefs
• Take no oaths, simple town meetings, democratic,
  turn the other cheek, etc
• Penn First American advertising man.

21
Pennsylvania

• Representative Assembly elected by landowners
• No tax supported church
• Opposed war slavery
• Rich mix of ethnic groups
• Great relationship with Native Americans

22
Changes in the Colonies

• 1702 East West Jersey combined into New
  Jersey
• 2 proprietors received land by Duke of York
• 1703 Delaware (Lord de la Warr) granted its own
  assembly
• Remained under the control of Pennsylvania until
  American Revolution

23
Characteristics of the Middle Colonies

• Fertile soil Bread Colonies
• Broad rivers Encouraged movement
• Forests lumbering shipbuilding
• Deep harbors commerce/seaports of NY
  Philadelphia

• Intermediate landholdings (size)
• Most ethnically mixed
• Unusual degree of religious toleration
  democratic control
• More economic democracy

24
Similarities Among all the Colonies

• All basically English
• Some self-government
• Some degree of religious toleration/ educational
  opportunity

• Unusual advantages for economic and social
  self-development
• All separated from home authority by 3,000 miles