Cell Organelles

1
Cell Organelles

• As we go through the notes, you should be filling
  in your sheet.
• Feel free to add anything to your notes that you
  think will help you remember what we talked about.

2
What is an organelle?

• Small part of a cell that does a
• specific job
• Just like your organs are parts of
• you that do certain jobs
• Ex heart pumps blood
• Ex stomach digests food

3
Cell membrane

• Flexible covering outside the cell
• Made of fat (lipids)
• Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi,
  Plants Animals

4
Cell wall

• Rigid covering outside the cell
• Made of different materials (depends on the
  kingdom)
• Gives the cell its shape and protection
• Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Fungi, Plants, some
  Protists

5
Central vacuole

• Large storage area for water, wastes, and food
• Similar to your bladder
• Plants, Fungi some Protists

6
Centrosome

• Bundle of fibers that helps the cell divide
• Produces fibers that pull chromosomes apart
• Animals some Protists

7
Chloroplast

• Absorbs energy from sunlight to make sugar
  (photosynthesis)
• Has its own DNA
• Bright green
• Plants some Protists

8
Cilia

• Tiny hairs on the outside of the cell used for
  movement
• Hundreds per cell
• Some Animals, some Protists, some Eubacteria
  some Archaebacteria

9
Cytoplasm

• Liquidy goo that all the other organelles float
  around in
• Mostly water and some salts
• Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi,
  Plants Animals

10
Flagellum

• Long, whip-like tail used for movement
• Usually only 1 or 2 per cell
• Some Animals, some Plants, some Eubacteria, some
  Protists, some Archaebacteria

11
Golgi

• Proofreads, modifies, and ships products of other
  organelles
• Usually found near cell membrane
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

12
Lysosome

• Bubble filled with enzymes
• Breaks down worn out cell parts (kamikaze
  mission)
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

13
Mitochondria

• Burns sugar to make energy in the form of ATP
  (cell respiration)
• Has its own DNA
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

14
Nucleolus

• Dark ball inside the nucleus
• Makes ribosomes
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

15
Nucleus

• Place where main genetic material is kept (DNA
  RNA)
• Usually near center of cell
• Command center or Brain of cell
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

16
Pili

• Tiny hairs covering the outside of the cell
• Help cell recognize sense its surroundings
• Eubacteria Archaebacteria

17
Ribosomes

• Tiny dots in cytoplasm or on rough E.R.
• Make proteins
• Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi,
  Plants Animals

18
Rough E.R.

• Series of tunnels (like a subway)
• Transport proteins around the cell
• Usually wrapped around the nucleus
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

19
Smooth E.R.

• Series of tunnels (like a subway)
• Transport new membrane pieces around the cell
• Usually found just outside Rough E.R.
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

20
Vesicle

• Bubble that transports materials all around the
  cell
• Like wrapping paper or a box
• Usually found around the Golgi
• Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi,
  Plants Animals