Drill 4/14

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Drill 4/14

• Why did the Munich Conference/ Appeasement policy
  fail?

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World War II

• The Blitz

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Objective

• Students will be able to chronicle the events of
  Hitlers early actions in Europe at the onset of
  World War II

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September 1, 1939

• German forces invade Poland
• Hitler once again claims that the region of
  Poland, that contains the important port of
  Danzig, rightfully belongs to Germany

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The Non-aggression Pact

• Part of that non-aggression pact that was signed
  stated that the Germans and the Russians would
  divide up Poland
• Also, other key areas in the Soviets zone of
  interest would be given up.

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Soviet
Nazi
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• German forces swept in from the west and drove
  the Polish military back
• The Germans and the Russians had a secret
  agreement at the time.

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Major Reason for Polish Defeat

• The Battle of Bzura

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Poland Falls

• September 3, Britain and France declare war on
  Germany
• But can do little to stop the attack on Poland
• Poland falls in a matter of weeks
• September 17, Germany and the Soviet Union divide
  up Poland
• The USSR also receives the Baltic States

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The Blitzkrieg

• Lightning war
• This was the first actions of Hitlers war on
  Europe
• By 1941, Axis forces will have made their way
  throughout Europe
• Complete Guided Reading 16.1

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Summary

• What were the characteristics of Hitlers
  Lightning war?
• How did he fight it?
• Fast, violent
• OVERWHELMING FORCES!!

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Drill 4/15

• Why did Poland fall so easily to German forces?
• Germany had superior tactics and weapons
• Aided by the Soviets in the east

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Objective

• Students will be able to identify the causes for
  the fall of France during Hitlers advance

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World War II

• The Blitz The Fall of France

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The Phony War

• A period of quiet in Europe after the fall of
  Poland
• Prior to Germanys invasions of Denmark and
  Norway
• France and Germany fortified their borders in
  preparation for an attack

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The Maginot Line

• Heavily fortified static defensive line
• Reminiscent of World War I thinking

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The Maginot Line

• Fortified trench-like defensive line
• Pictured here is a
• machine-gun nest
• known as a cloche

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The Maginot line

• Avoid a surprise attack
• Give time for the main army to be mobilized
  behind it
• Dissuade a direct assault
• Force the Germans to go up through Belgium

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The Line fails

• May 1940
• Germany set up a decoy army directly opposite the
  line
• Sent a second army to the north to battle the
  French forces along the border of Belgium
• The French forces were outmatched and the Germans
  took Belgium
• May 26, 1940

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By going through Belgium the German forces simply
went around the Maginot Line
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Germany storms through France

• June 10, 1940
• Mussolini (Italy) officially joins the German
  side of the war
• Declares war on France and Britain and invades
  Southern France
• June 14
• Paris Falls to German forces
• June 20
• France surrenders to Germany

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Blame

• Why does the Maginot Line get the blame for the
  fall of France?
• It DID force Germany to go through Belgium, what
  it was designed to do.
• On the back of your Blitzkrieg paper from
  yesterday answer the following question

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• Is the Maginot line itself the reason for
  Frances defeat? Does it deserve to be called
  one of historys greatest military mistakes?

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France fights back

• Hitler divided France in half
• Northern France was Occupied France
• The Southern was Unoccupied France
• The Southern half was controlled by a puppet
  government based in the French town of Vichy

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Summary

• Why does Hitler create the puppet government?
• Why not just take over France like any other
  country?

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Drill 4/16

• What is a puppet government?
• A government that appears to be independent but
  is really being controlled by someone else or
  another government in another location
• The Puppet Government in France was based in the
  city of Vichy (The Vichy Govt)
• Why did Hitler set up the puppet government and
  divide France in half?

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World War II

• The Blitz The Battle of Britain

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Objective

• Students will be able to compare and contrast
  Hitlers early victories with his defeats in
  Britain and the Soviet Union

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Operation Sea-Lion

• The plan
• Bomb key cities in England
• Cutting off supply routes
• Crushing overall morale
• Then land roughly 250,000 soldiers on Englands
  southern coast
• This holds true to Hitlers doctrine of
  overwhelming forces

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September 1940

• German Luftwaffe (air force) begins bombing
  British cities
• At first the Germans focused on Royal Air Force
  (RAF) hangars and bases
• They would soon move onto major cities
• Especially London

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• The Luftwaffe severely outnumbered the RAF
• Roughly 2,900 RAF planes vs 4,500 Luftwaffe
• There were daily bombing raids
• Fires and explosions on the streets of London as
  the British try to go on with their daily lives

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The British Stand Tall

• The British people adapt and refuse to give up
• The RAF has two key inventions that help them
  survive
• RADAR
• Developed in the late 30s
• Used as an advance warning system to track planes
  in the air
• Enigma
• A codebreaking device. The British were now able
  to decipher secret German transmissions

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The Battle of Britain

• In October Hitler switches to night bombings of
  England
• The British refuse to give up
• The bombings would not stop until MAY 10, 1941
• Hitler decides that Britain can wait
• It is costing too much money and taking too much
  time
• He turns his attentions east

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Results

• For the better part of EIGHT MONTHS Britain
  endured nearly constant bombing
• 27,450 civilian deaths
• Over 30 thousand wounded
• Hitler would then fail in his attempt to invade
  the Soviet Union

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Using your book

• Read about Hitlers failure in the Soviet Union
  (pgs 445-446)
• Answer the following question
• What factors allowed Leningrad and Great Britain
  to fight off German attacks while earlier cities
  and countries fell?
• Consider these points in your answer
• The countrys ability to fight
• The costs of resisting
• The costs of surrendering
• I will collect this response and the Guided
  Reading for 16.1 at the end of class

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Summary

• What was the Atlantic Charter?
• How did it get the USA involved in the war prior
  to Pearl Harbor?

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Drill 4/17

• What is the Atlantic Charter?
• A declaration of principles between the US and UK.

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Objective

• Students will identify the reasons for US
  involvement in World War II

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The United States and WWII

• Officially the US is neutral
• The Neutrality Acts of 1938,39
• Upper levels of government are growing more
  worried about the situation in Europe

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The Atlantic Charter

• No territorial gains were to be sought by the
  United States or the United Kingdom.
• Territorial adjustments must be in accord with
  the wishes of the peoples concerned.
• All peoples had a right to self-determination.
• Trade barriers were to be lowered.
• There was to be global economic cooperation and
  advancement of social welfare.
• Freedom from want and fear
• Freedom of the seas
• Disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar common
  disarmament

AUGUST 14, 1941
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International Reaction

• UK
• Loved the plan, sorry that the US was not getting
  involved in the war
• US
• Loved the plan
• Worried that this would lead us INTO war
• Germany and Japan
• Took the agreement as basically a declaration of
  alliance against them
• In Japan this would be used an excuse for
  increased hostilities for towards the United
  States

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US Japan Relations

• Japan had increasingly become an imperial force
• The invasion of Manchuria in 1931
• This made relations between the countries rather
  tense

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Japan US Relations

• As Japan allied itself with Germany that made
  things worse
• Japans islands have few natural resources
• i.e. Oil
• They would need to expand to get these goods or
  receive them from another source
• For a time that was the US

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Japan US Relations

• As the war went on Japan began to move into the
  European colonies of Southeast Asia
• Japanese officials called this area the Southern
  Resource Zone

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The US Reacts

• The United states reacted by cutting off all oil
  imports to Japan
• Japanese officials realized at the rate of
  consumption they would only have enough reserves
  for another two years

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Japan Reacts

• December 7, 1941

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor

• Was not designed to begin a long, protracted
  conflict
• It was intended to be one, swift, crushing blow
  to the US pacific fleet
• Take out the fleet then Japan can roll through
  Asia without too much resistance
• Japan delivered an official declaration of war
  later that afternoon
• The United States would declare war on Japan the
  next day

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Classwork/ Homework

• Complete Guided Reading 16.2
• Parts ab
• It will be collected on Monday
• Next week we will look at the war in the pacific
  and how the United States turns the tide of the
  conflict