Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Anxiety and Mood Disorders

• Module 31

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Module Overview

• Anxiety Disorders
• Mood Disorders

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Anxiety Disorders

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety a vague feeling of apprehension or
  nervousness.
• Anxiety disorder where anxiety begins to take
  control and dominate a persons life

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Types of Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety disorders are divided into
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Phobia
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

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Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety DisorderGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
and Panic Disorder

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive
  levels of persistent, unexplained feelings of
  apprehension and tenseness.

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Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety

• Must have at least three of the following
• Restlessness
• Feeling on edge
• Difficulty concentrating/mind going blank
• Irritability
• Muscle Tension
• Sleep Disturbance

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Panic Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by sudden bouts
  of intense, unexplained anxiety, often associated
  with physical symptoms like choking sensations or
  shortness of breath.
• Panic attacks may happen several times a day

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Anxiety DisordersPhobia

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Phobia

• An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive,
  irrational fears of objects, activities or
  situations.
• The fear must be both irrational and disruptive.

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Phobias
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Social Phobia

• Phobias which produce fear in social situations
• Fear of speaking in public

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Agoraphobia

• Fear of situations the person views as difficult
  to escape from
• Fear of leaving ones home or room in the house

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Anxiety DisordersObsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted,
  repetitive thoughts and actions.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Obsessions repetitive thoughts
• Compulsions repetitive actions
• The obsessions/compulsions begin to take control
  of the persons life.

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Anxiety DisordersPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving a
  severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring
  memories and dreams.
• PTSD and 9/11

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Anxiety DisordersCauses of Anxiety Disorders

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Biological Factors

• Hereditary factors may result in a predisposition
  for developing anxiety disorders
• Brain functions appear to be different in an
  anxiety disorder patient
• Evolutionary factors may lead to anxiety
  disorders.

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The Brain and OCD
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Learning Factors

• Through classical conditioning people may
  associate fear with an object.
• Observational learning--watching another
  experiencing fearfulness--may result in
  developing fear.
• Fear of an object may be reinforced when by
  avoiding the feared objects.

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Mood Disorders

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Mood Disorders

• Classification of disorders where there is a
  disturbance in the persons emotions
• Major types of mood disorders include
• Major Depressive Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder
• Dysthymic Disorder

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Mood Disorders
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Mania

• Period of abnormally high emotion and activity

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Depression

• Extended period of feeling sad, listless, and
  drained of energy

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Mood DisordersMajor Depressive Disorder

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Major Depressive Disorder

• A mood disorder in which a person, for no
  apparent reason, experiences at least two weeks
  of
• depressed moods,
• diminished interest in activities, and
• other symptoms, such as feelings of worthlessness.

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Major Depressive Disorder

• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
• Little interest or pleasure in almost all
  activities
• Significant changes in weight or appetite
• Sleeping more or less than usually
• Agitated or decreased level of activity
• Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
• Diminished ability to think or concentrate
• Recurrent thoughts or death or suicide

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Mood DisorderBipolar Disorder

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Bipolar Disorder

• A mood disorder,
• (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)
• in which the person alternates between the
  hopelessness of depression and the overexcited
  and unreasonably optimistic state of mania.
• Many times will follow a cyclical pattern

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Mood DisorderCauses of Mood Disorders

• Module 31 Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Biopolar Disorder PET Scans
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Biological Factors

• Mood disorders have a hereditary nature to them.
• Depressed individuals tend to have depressed
  brains.
• PET scans indicate less activity during periods
  of depression.

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Social-Cognitive Factors

• Depression may be a variation of learned
  helplessness.
• Depressed individuals attribute events using the
  following characteristics
• Stable the bad situation will last for a long
  time
• Internal they are at fault
• Global all of life is bad

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Determination of Mood
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The End