Psychotherapy

1
Psychotherapy

• Life is not a problem to be solved, but a mystery
  to be lived.
• Thomas Merton

2
Therapy

• Lots of different kinds
• Psychoanalysis
• Behavior therapies
• Cognitive therapies
• Humanistic therapies
• Group therapies
• Biomedical therapies

3
Therapists

• Clinical psychologists
• Most are psychologists with a Ph.D. and expertise
  in research, assessment, and therapy
• Psychiatrists
• Physicians who specialize in the treatment of
  psychological disorders
• Counselors
• Marriage and family counselors specialize in
  problems arising from family relations
• Abuse counselors work with substance abusers and
  with spouse and child abusers and their victims
• Pastoral counselors

4
Psychoanalysis

• Anna O.
• Catharsis
• Psychoanalysis
• Freud believed the patients free associations,
  resistances, dreams, and transferences and the
  therapists interpretations of them released
  previously repressed feelings, allowing the
  patient to gain self-insight
• Use has rapidly decreased in recent years
• Uncover unconscious causes of psychological
  disorders
• Free association
• Resistance
• Dream
• Transference

5
Behavioral Therapies

• Therapy that applies learning principles to the
  elimination of unwanted behaviors
• Counterconditioning
• Procedure that conditions new responses to
  stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
• Based on classical conditioning
• Systematic desensitization
• Associates a pleasant, relaxed state with
  gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
• Aversion therapy
• Associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted
  behavior
• nausea ---gt alcohol

6
Behavioral Therapies

• Token Economy
• Behavior modification based on operant
  conditioning principles that rewards desired
  behaviors
• Patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned
  for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various
  privileges or treats

7
Cognitive Therapies

• Teaches people new, more adaptive ways of
  thinking and acting
• Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene
  between events and our emotional reactions
• Rational Emotive
• A activating event
• B irrational belief
• C emotional consequence

8
Cognitive Therapies

• Becks cognitive therapy
• Developed to treat depression
• Aim to eliminate exaggerated negative beliefs
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• A popular integrated therapy that combines
  cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating
  thinking) with behavior therapy (changing
  behavior)

9
Humanistic Therapy

• Client-Centered Therapy
• Humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers
• Therapist uses techniques such as active
  listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic
  environment to facilitate clients growth
• Reflection of feeling
• Accurate empathy
• Active Listening
• Empathic listening in which the listener echoes,
  restates, and clarifies

10
Group Therapies

• Family Therapy
• Treats the family as a system
• Views an individuals unwanted behaviors as
  influenced by or directed at other family members
• Attempts to guide family members toward positive
  relationships and improved communication

11
Biomedical Therapies

• Drugs
• Antianxiety
• Valium Xanax
• Antipsychotics
• Thorazine Haldol
• Antidepressants
• MAO inhibitors
• Prozac, Paxil Zoloft
• Shock therapy
• Current of electricity delivered to the brain