6-1 The Romans Create a Republic

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6-1 The Romans Create a Republic

• Main Idea The early Romans established a
  republic, which grew powerful and spread its
  influence
• SO WHAT?! Some of the most fundamental values
  and institutions of Western civilization began in
  the Roman Republic

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I. The Beginnings of Rome

• Rome-753 BC
• 1. Romulus and Remus
• a. Twin sons of Mars and princess
• b. abandoned by Tiber River
• c. raised by a she-wolf

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• B. Geography
• 1. 7 hills
• 2. Center of Italian peninsula
• 3. Settled around 1000BC
• 4. Between 750-500BC-Greek settlers entered the
  area
• a. Romans borrowed religion, agriculture and
  other cultural ideas from the Greeks

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II. The Early Republic

• -Republic-form of government in which power rests
  with citizens who have the right to vote to
  select their leaders.
• -Roman Kings?---Overthrown and Romans swore to
  kill anyone who tried to establish monarchy
• A. Patricians and Plebeians
• 1. Patricians- aristocratic landowners who
  held most of the power
• a. Inherited social status and power
• b. Ancestry gave them authority to represent
  Romans
• 2. Plebeians- common farmers, artisans, and
  merchants who made up majority
• a. Had right to vote
• b. Could not hold
• government office
• i. Led to formation
• of Tribune
• -assembly of plebes
• with elected
• representation
• -Similar to what
• in US?

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• B. Twelve Tables (451BC)
• 1. Written Laws
• a. Written on 12 stone/bronze tablets
• Why is having the laws written down important?
  Explain.

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• C. Government Under the Republic
• 1. Consuls
• a. 2 officials that commanded army and directed
  government
• b. one year term
• c. could not run again for 10 years
• d. one consul could always overrule (or veto)
  the other
• i. veto-latin for I forbid
• 2. Senate
• a. Aristocratic
• b. 300 members
• c. term-life
• d. Centuriate Assembly
• i. Citizen soldiers
• e. Tribal Assembly
• i. Plebeians
• ii. Won right to make laws for the republic
• 3. Dictator
• a. Republic could appoint dictator for 6 months

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The Roman Senate
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• D. The Roman Army
• 1. Legion
• a. 5000 soldiers
• b. Calvary
• c. Century-groups of 80 men
• i. Each century could act INDEPENDENT from the
  legion

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III. Rome Spreads Its Power

• Rome Conquers Italy
• 1. Gauls (Celtic people) sack Rome-390BC
• 2. Different rules for everyone they conquered
• a. Conquered Greece and Etruscans
• What are the implications of different rules
  for different people?
• B. Romes Commercial Network
• 1. Location was good for trade
• 2. 2 cities vied for control of the
  Mediterranean Sea
• a. Rome and Carthage

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Carthage
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• C. War with Carthage (Punic Wars)
• 1. First Punic War (264-241BC)
• a. Rome defeated Carthage
• b. took Sicily as its prize

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• 2. Second Punic War (202 BC)
• a. Hannibal
• i. 29 years old
• ii. led 50,000 infantry, 9000 cavalry
• iii. 60 elephants to Rome
• -By the time he reached Italy
• lost over ½ men and most of
• the elephants
• -Never captured Rome
• b. Scipio attacks Zama
• i. forces Hannibal to retreat

Hannibal going over the Alps
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• 3. Third Punic War (149-146 BC)
• a. Carthage was no threat
• b. Revenge
• c. Cato
• i. Ended all speeches with Carthage must be
  destroyed
• d. 146BCCarthage destroyed (burnt for 10 days)
• i. 50,000 inhabitants sold into slavery
• ii. 900 Roman deserters- Wretch! she
  screamed, in a voice which raised itself above
  the universal din, is it thus you seek to save
  your own life while you sacrifice ours? I cannot
  reach you in your own person, but I kill you
  hereby in the persons of your children.
• -Abbott, History of Hannibal
• iii. Land sown with salt
• Was the third Punic War necessary? Why or why
  not?

Cato
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• By 70BC Rome controlled area from Anatolia to
  Spain

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