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Egypt-ardy

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• Ms. Collishaw!

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King Cheops or Khufu
He commissioned to have the Pyramids of Giza
built

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- Hatsheput was one of the four female kings to
rule Egypt - She is known as the first powerful
female leader - When her husband died, Hatsheput
decided to name herself king of Egypt until her
stepson was old enough to assume the
responsibilities of king - The time during which
Hatsheput was in power is said to have been
peaceful, stable and prosperous she expanded
trade, and supervised the building of her own
tomb, and two obelisks at the Great Temple of
Karnak
Who was Hatshepsut? Name 2 things /
actions

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Akhenaton was the Pharaoh who brought about a
religious revolution for the people of Egypt - In
Egypt, the kings worshipped the god Amon-Re, the
god of the kings, but Akhenaton opposed this
worship, and favoured the worship of Aton - He
went through great lengths to stop the worship of
Amon-Re, destroying temples and creating new
hymns for his new religion - Due to all the
energy Akhenaton emitted into the reforming of
the religion in Egypt, the empire was neglected
and it began to shatter
Name 3 actions by Akhenaton

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Nile was the source of life and path to
immortality Egyptians lived on Eastern side but
buried on Western side River was symbol of
passage of one life to next (eternity) Creation
story began in swirling waters of the Nile when
god Horus gave power to Pharaohs -Changing season
of the Nile regulated all aspects of Egyptian life
How did the Nile contribute to the stability and
continuity ofEgypt?

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King Menes
Who joined Upper and LowerEgypt?

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The Rosetta Stone is a stone with writing on it
in two languages (Egyptian and Greek), using
three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek).
It was carved in 196 BCE.
What was the Rosetta Stone?

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Akhenaton
He brought the idea of monotheism to Egypt and
forbade worship of any other god

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- Building the first step pyramid out of a series
of mastabas stacked on top of each other
Djoser is famous for this

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- Imhotep is one of the few individuals whose
life achievements were recorded by the Egyptians
historians believe he was a genius - Imhotep
served at the right hand of Pharaoh Djoser, was a
priest, a builder, a sculptor and much more - He
created the system of medicine, one that was
highly honoured as the best of the ancient
world - Imhotep also designed the production of
the worlds first stone building and the first
pyramid - Step Pyramid, which was Pharaoh
Djosers tomb, was the quintessence of Egyptian
religious beliefs he etched images of the royal
palace and all the aspects of royal life in the
tomb - This pyramid was the first structure of
monumental architecture that was produced by an
artist
Who was Imhotep? Describe 3 Things / actions.

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Each hieroglyph found in pyramids and tombs often
symbolized more than one consonant. Not only
that, but actual Egyptian hieroglyphs were a
combination of sound-signs, pictograms, and
ideograms. No wonder it was so hard to decode
them! New Kingdom 700 hieroglyphs in common
usage, while rest were phonograms 100 were
strictly visual, while rest were
phonograms Eventually scribes adapted
hieroglyphic symbols By 700 BCE, script was
refined to the demotic (or popular script) was
used for secular matters such as letters,
accounts and record keeping
Describe Egyptian Hieroglyphics

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Tuthmosis III
He was nicknamed the Napoleon of Egypt

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The three parts of the soul necessary to move on
to the afterlife (soul, personality, form mummy
takes in afterlife)-judgment of in Hall of
Osiris (panel of 14 judges ankh, the key of
life Weighing of the heart vs Maat Judgment of
scale record of the outcome
What werethe Ka, Ba and the Akh? Whathappened
to a person at death?

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Must live their life with order, truth and
justice - Maat was a goddess and was the symbol
of equilibrium of the universe - She represented
order, truth and justice and the Egyptians
believed that by following these qualities, they
would attain harmony with the gods and were
guaranteed entry into the after life - They also
believed that these qualities were placed in the
world at the time of creation - The king was
expected to rule according to the principles of
Maat
According to Maat Egyptians must Describe 2
things.

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She tried to unite Rome and Egypt, ruled as Queen
and used her feminine power to get what she
wants -affairs with Julius Caesar and Marc
Anthony to secure Egypts place / security in the
Roman World -killed herself and Egypt became part
of the Roman Empire, ending over 3000 years of
dynastic rule
What was Cleopatras importance in history?

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To keep the three parts of the soul together so
that the person could move on the
afterlife Mummification focused on Egyptian
belief of the importance of preserving the
body Afterlife would be spent enjoying best of
life experiences Body covered with natron and
dried for up to 70 days Body wrapped in linen
coated with resins and oils Middle Kingdom became
customary to place a mask over the face Removal
of organs (lungs, stomach, intestines, liver) in
Canopic Jars were closed with stoppers fashioned
in the shape of four heads -- human, baboon,
falcon, and jackal - representing the four
protective spirits called the Four Sons of Horus.
brain was sucked out of the cranial cavity and
thrown away because the Egyptian's thought it was
useless.
Explain the process of mummification

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His name means the setting sun he started as
one of eight gods and become the main god, the
fertility god and the image of a Ram-- Amon had
been the local Theban deity, but he later merged
with the Sun god Re to become the national god of
Amon-Re - Amon-Re was the god of the kings, the
supreme god - He was worshipped by the kings and
as the rest of Egypt followed the same religion
as the kings, all Egyptians prayed to him - Along
with the rise of the Theban kings after the civil
wars in Egypt, Amon-Re also rose
Who is Amon-Re?

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Ramses II
He was the pharaoh responsible for more
buildings and colossal statues than any other king

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Isolation and thus stability to home environment
How has Egypts geography affected its culture?

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Well treated- and had considerable legal
rightscompared to other civilizations Same legal
rights as men (land, property, divorce)-Left
women to be economically independent-Primary
role was in domestic life-Common title for a
married women in ancient Egypt was nebet per
meaning the lady of the house-Bear and raise
children -Could inherit property equally with her
brothers from her parents
Describe the role /rights women held in
Egyptian society

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Who is Osiris?
He was the god of the underworld

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