Introduction to Poetry

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Introduction to Poetry

• Key Terms

2
Standard

• ELACC8RL4 Determine the meaning of words and
  phrases as they are used in a text, including
  figurative and connotative meanings analyze the
  impact of specific word choices on meaning and
  tone, including analogies or allusions to other
  texts.

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What is a Poem?

• A poem is a verbal composition created in verse
  rather than prose
• Prose is ordinary writing that relies on
  sentences and paragraphs.
• Verse is writing that happens in lines or
  stanzas. It is not confined to paragraphs.

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Line

• A line is a row of words within a poem.
• A line might be very long, or it might be as
  short as one word, or even one letter.
• One complete thought might be split up over
  several lines, so a reader shouldnt necessarily
  pause at the end each line. It might flow right
  into the next one with no stop. Pause when you
  reach punctuation.

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1. How many lines?2. Where should the reader
pause?

• If I can stop one heart from breaking,I shall
  not live in vainIf I can ease one life the
  aching,Or cool one pain,Or help one fainting
  robinUnto his nest again,I shall not live in
  vain.
• - Emily Dickinson
•    

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Stanza

• A stanza is one group of lines within a poem.
• A stanza can be made of as many lines as the poet
  desires.
• Stanzas are usually separated by a horizontal gap
  of space on a page.
• A poem might have one stanza or many stanzas.
• The form each stanza follows does not have to
  match, but it can.

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How Many Stanzas

• I have eaten This is Just To Saythe
  plums by William Carlos Williamsthat were
  inthe icebox and whichyou were
  probablysavingfor breakfast Forgive methey
  were deliciousso sweetand so cold

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Rhyme

• A rhyme is 2 or more words that end with the same
  vowel sound.
• Poems can rhyme, but they dont have to.
• Rhyming words can be found in a Rhyming
  Dictionary

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Rhyme Scheme

• Rhyme Scheme is the pattern in which a poems
  rhymes are arranged.
• Some poems have a very rigid, predictable rhyme
  scheme pattern
• Some poems have no rhyme scheme at all

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Labeling Rhyme Scheme

• We label rhyme scheme by calling the first line
  A. Every line in that stanza that rhymes with
  A is labeled A.
• The first line that does NOT rhyme with A is
  labeled B. Every line that rhymes with B is
  labeled B.
• Continue going through the alphabet until you run
  out of lines in the stanza.
• Start over with A in the next stanza.
• We name the rhyme scheme after the pattern

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Example A Hippo is Bounding

• A hippo is bounding around on my head.
• Gorillas are banging on drums.
• A rhino is charging me full speed ahead
• while a crocodile's eyeing my thumbs.
•  A rattlesnake's winding his way up my side.
• A tiger is sniffing my clothes.
• A grizzly just grabbed me, his mouth open wide.
• A tarantula's perched on my nose. 
• I'm drowning, surrounded by man-eating sharks.
• An elephant sits on my chest.
• Yes, that's how it feels when the teacher
  remarks,
• "Grab your pencils. It's time for the test."
• --Kenn Nesbitt

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Free Verse

• Free Verse is when a poem has no set rhyme or
  pattern.
• The verse does not conform to a specified number
  of lines or syllables.
• It may have no rhyme whatsoever, though the
  author may occasionally throw a rhyme in here and
  there. The rhyme, however, will NOT have a
  pattern.

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Free Verse Example

• Sunset by Lillian Moore
• There's dazzle
•                     in the western sky
• Colors spill and
• run
• The pond mouth
• lies open
•                     greedy
• for the last drop
• of
• melting
• sun
•                 

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Sound

• How does a poem appeal to the ear?

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Standard

• ELACC8RL4 Determine the meaning of words and
  phrases as they are used in a text, including
  figurative and connotative meanings analyze the
  impact of specific word choices on meaning and
  tone, including analogies or allusions to other
  texts.
• ELACC8RL4 Determine the meaning of words and
  phrases as they are used in a text, including
  figurative and connotative meanings analyze the
  impact of specific word choices on meaning and
  tone, including analogies or allusions to other
  texts.

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Sound

• Many poems are built around sound. The poet
  attempts to create wording that is catchy to the
  ear.

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Rhythm

• Rhythm is the beat of a poem.
• Many poems have strong patterns of beat that make
  the poem sound almost like is has a chant.

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Rhyme

• The pattern of rhyme in a poem can affect the way
  it sounds.

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End Rhyme

• End rhyme is when the rhymes occur at the end of
  lines in a poem.
• End rhyme is what creates rhyme scheme.

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Example

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Couplets

• Couplets are pairs of rhyming lines.
• The poem will be arranged so that the pairs are
  continually grouped one after the other.

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A Wish For You

• If I could grant a wish for you,
• You would get a thrill or two.
•  
• May all your lucky numbers win the lottery.
• May you discover beautiful, ancient pottery.
•  
• May you be able to act and sing.
• May life bring you every good thing.
•  
• May you eat chocolate and candy, too.
• May each dish of ice cream be just for you.
•  
• May you always have money and never be poor.
• May you always have peace and never know war.
•  
• Oh, if I could grant a wish for you,
• You would get a thrill or two. 

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Internal Rhyme

• Internal rhyme is when rhyme occurs within lines
  of a poem rather than just at the end of lines
• Sometimes words within a line will rhyme with
  words at the end of a line.

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Example

• The Cloud by Percy Bysshe Shelly (An excerpt)
• I bring fresh showers for the thirsting
  flowers,From the seas and the streamsI bear
  light shade for the leaves when laidIn their
  noonday dreams.From my wings are shaken the dews
  that wakenThe sweet buds every one,When rocked
  to rest on their mother's breast,As she dances
  about the sun.I wield the flail of the lashing
  hail,And whiten the green plains under,And then
  again I dissolve it in rain,And laugh as I pass
  in thunder.

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Repetition

• Repetition is when an author repeats words,
  phrases, or lines to build or emphasize an
  effect.

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Example
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Alliteration

• Alliteration is using words that begin with the
  same sound together.

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Example

• A tree toad loved a she-toadWho lived up in a
  tree.He was a two-toed tree toadBut a
  three-toed toad was she.The two-toed tree toad
  tried to winThe three-toed she-toads heart,For
  the two-toed tree toad loved the groundThat the
  three-toed tree toad trod.But the two-toed tree
  toad tried in vain.He couldnt please her
  whim.From her tree toad bowerWith her
  three-toed powerThe she-toad vetoed him.

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Onomatopoeia

• Onomatopoeia is using words that sound exactly
  like the sound that they represent.
• Example Pow, Crash, Moo, Vroom, Tap, Click,
  Quack, Plop, Splash, etc.

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Example

• The rusty spigot --Eve Merriamsputters,utter
  sa splutter,spatters a smattering of
  drops,gashes widersplashes,splatters,scatters
  ,spurts,finally stops sputteringand
  splash!Gushes, rushes, splashes,clear water
  dashes.

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Task

• Requirement Create a poem that uses 2 sound
  techniques (end rhyme, couplets, internal rhyme,
  alliteration, rhythm, onomatopoeia, repetition).
• Topic Authors choice
• Form Authors choice