Parker Oks

1
Parker Oks

• Latin America

2
8000 BCE- 600 CE

• Agricultural Revolution- Maize, Beans, Avocados,
  Squashes, Gourds, Chilies were all used.
• Societies developed across Latin America.
  Population grew do to food surplus. Specialized
  skills developed.
• Olmec- first known civilization builders. They
  built Pyramids, courtyards and tombs and have
  influence many future societies. There trading
  network reached as far north as Mexico City to
  Honduras in the South. Their art motifs of Jaguar
  played a large role in their society.
• Zapotec- unique Society that developed a form of
  hieroglyphics and a calendar. They built Monte
  Alban which eventually would turn into an
  amazing, prosperous city.
• Andes Region- In 900 BC Chavin culture in
  highlands of Peru. In 200 BC- AD 600 the Nazca
  Culture built irrigation systems. During this
  time the Moche Culture also existed. They were
  very advanced. They had doctors, war, musicians
  and women made clothes. They were artistic and
  had a wide range of crops.

3
600 CE- 1450

• Mayans- Southern Mexico to Northern Central
  America. Tikal- center of Mayans. City States.
  Great architecture like Pyramids, Temples,
  Palaces and very important statues of their Gods.
  Trade and Agriculture was the basis of their
  life. Social Classes of Nobles, Merchants,
  Specialized Workers and then the Peasants.
  Religion Shaped Mayan Life. Polytheistic. They
  made sacrifices to their Gods. The calendar they
  created has the same concept that we use today of
  365.25 days in a year. Teotihuaca was one of
  their monumental cities.
• Aztecs- Poor Nomads. In 1325 Tenochtitlan became
  the capital of the Aztec empire. In 1428 they
  made the Triple Alliance with Texcoco and
  Tlacopan. 5- 15 million people in over 38
  provinces. Military based power. Brutal to cities
  that didnt pay them tribute. Nobles like
  Military Leaders, priests and government
  officials ruled. Huge Trading Network. Religion
  was huge for Aztecs. They had a lot of sacrifices
  of Prisoners of War.
• Incans- Valley of Cuzco. Polytheistic. Conquered
  all of Peru and neighboring lands. They ruled
  over 2500 miles of land along the Western Coast
  of South America. There were 16 million people in
  80 provinces. They were civil, but used force
  when necessary. Cuzco flourished. Mita System-
  labor system where everyone had to do something a
  few times a month for the Incans. They had an
  economy similar to a Socialist one where they
  worked for the government but were taken care of.
  Quipu- only Source of keeping records. Civil War
  broke out when their king died.

4
1450- 1750

• European Imperialism
• Columbus- finds the Americas for Europe to
  explore
• Pedro Alvares, Amerigo Vespuse, Ferdinand
  Magellan, Hernando Cortes, Francisco Pizzaro-
  conquistadors who explored Latin America.
• Cortes- conquered the Aztecs
• Pizzaro- conquered Inca empire
• Mayans were conquered by Spanish explorers in
  Yucatan and Guatemala.
• Peninsulares- Spanish settlers to the Americas.
• Mestizo- mixed between Spanish and Native
  American
• Encomienda- labor system that forced natives to
  work for Spanish landlords.
• Portugal took over Brazil
• Christianity spread
• Atlantic Slave Trade- began with nearly 300,000
  Africans transported to the Americas. It ended at
  9.5 million
• Triangle Trade- merchants exchanged goods for
  Slaves.
• Middle Passage- route from Africa to Latin
  America with the Slaves
• Columbian Exchange- Latin America gave them crops
  theyve never seen before and they gave Latin
  America crops and Animals theyve never seen.
  They refers to the Europeans.

5
1750-1914

• Haitian Revolution- Francais Toussaint
  LOuverature led the revolt.
• Creoles wanted positions in the government. This
  led to widespread revolts against European
  Countries in Latin America.
• Europe is in several battles like with Napoleon
  and cannot defend themselves against Latin
  America rebellions. Therefore, they grant these
  colonies free.
• Portugal grants Brazil freedom and appoints their
  Prince to lead them.
• Migrations of Europeans and Asians to Latin
  America.
• Latin America Nationalism

6
1914- Present

• Latin America is effected by the Great
  Depression. They depend heavily on foreign
  capital like the United States. When these
  countries economies decline, they dont send
  money into Latin america, and therefore, Latin
  Americas economy declines.
• Fidel Castro brings communism to Latin America.
• Improved Government
• Good Neighbor Policy- U.S. controls a heavy
  portion of Latin America finances and in return
  will help their police control rebellions.
• Panama Canal
• Tension in Latin America as Cold War begins
• Women gain rights in Latin America
• Still Major Problems in South America today is
  gang crime and drugs.

7
Continuity

• There were a few major continuities in Latin
  America throughout their History.
• 1. The crops such as Maize and beans have been a
  big part of their agriculture from the beginning
  to the Present.
• 2. Labor Systems and Slavery continued from early
  societies to recent times.
• 3. Trade from early societies through the Present
  is a major source of their economy.