BIOCHEMISTRY

1
BIOCHEMISTRY

• The chemical
• basis of life

2
ATOMS

• Basic unit of matter
• Two regions
• Nucleus
• Electron cloud
• Atomic particles
• Protons
• Positively charged particles
• Located in the nucleus
• Neutrons
• Neutral particles
• Located in the nucleus act as the glue there
• Electrons
• Negatively charged particles
• Located in the electron cloud
• These are the particles involved in chemical
  reactions

3
Elements Isotopes

• Elements
• Contain all of the same type of atom within the
  element
• Elements of Life
• 96 ? Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and
  Nitrogen (N)
• 3 ? P, S, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cl
• 1 ? other trace elements
• Isotopes
• Elements that contain a different number of
  neutrons
• Radioactive isotopes will breakdown at a specific
  rate and are used in figuring the age of
  different things (i.e. fossils rocks)

4
Periodic Table of Elements
5
Horizontal rows and Vertical columns

• Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called
  periods
• Vertical columns are called families (or groups)

6
Atomic number vs. atomic mass

• Atomic number the number of protons
• Atomic mass the number of protons and
• neutrons

7
pH and Buffers

• The pH of substances ranges from 0-14
• 7 neutral
• 0-6.9 acid
• 7.1-14 base
• Buffers
• Prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH so that the
  body can maintain homeostasis
• pH of most fluids in the body 6.5-7.5