Biology, 6e

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Fig. 11.1
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Fig. 11.2
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Fig. 11.3
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Fig. 11.4
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Fig. 11.5
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Fig. 11.6
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Fig. 11.7
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Fig. 11.9
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Fig. 11.8
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Interphase

• G1 primary growth (most of cells life)
• S replication of genome
• chromosomes fully extended and uncoiled
• G2 second growth
• mitochondria and other organelles
  duplicate
• centrioles replicate
• microtubules start to build spindle

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Euchromatin vs. Heterochromatin

• Euchromatin Portion of chromosome that is
  extended (except during division) and is
  transcribed.
• Heterochromatin Portion of chromosome that STAYS
  condensed, is therefore not transcribed, and
  usually where centromere is attached on sister
  chromatids

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Fig. 11.11a
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Fig. 11.11b
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Fig. 11.11c
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Fig. 11.10
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Fig. 11.11d
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Fig. 11.11e
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Fig. 11.13
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Fig. 11.14
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Fig. 11.15
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Fig. 11.16
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Fig. 11.17
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Fig. 11.18
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(No Transcript)
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Fig. 11.19
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Fig. 11.20a
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Fig. 11.20b
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Growth Factors and Cancer

• Growth Factors Proteins that stimulate or
  inhibit cell division (positive or negative
  regulatory signals)
• Proto-oncogenes genes that stimulate cell
  division
• Oncogenes MUTATED proto-oncogenes that cause
  cells to duplicate uncontrollably (cancer)
• Ex. Myc, fos, and jun

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Growth Factors and Cancer

• Tumor-Suppressor Genes genes that inhibit cell
  division at the G1 checkpoint by not allowing
  cyclins to bind to Cdk.
• Ex. Rb gene (retinoblastoma gene)
• Mutations of these genes can also lead to
  uncontrolled growth.