The Civil War

1
The Civil War

• 1864 1865

2
Grant Takes Command

• March 1864, Lincoln gives Grant full control of
  the Union army
• Grant places William Tecumseh Sherman in control
  in the west
• Battle of the Wilderness (May 5-6, 1864)
• Grant moves south
• Battle of Spotsylvania (May 8-20, 1864)
• Battle of Cold Harbor (June 3, 1864)
• The Siege of Petersburg (June 18, 1864 April 2,
  1865)
• Trench warfare at its best (or worst)

3
Sherman in Georgia

• Sherman v. Joseph Johnston
• Sherman tried to reach Atlanta and/or destroy
  Johnstons forces
• Spring 1864, Sherman moves from Chattanooga
  toward Atlanta
• Sherman cannot defeat Johnston
• Johnston continues to retreat toward Atlanta

4
Sherman in Georgia

• Battle of Kennesaw Mountain (June 27, 1864)
• Sherman cannot break 10 mile line
• Sherman looses 3,000 men before noon
• Johnston forced across the Chattahoochee River

5
Sherman in Georgia

• Johnston replaced by James Hood
• Hood directly attacks Sherman
• Siege of Atlanta
• Sherman wins victories north of Atlanta
• Sherman cuts off south of Atlanta
• Confederates pull out of Atlanta in September
• Battles of Franklin and Nashville, Hoods army
  destroyed

6
Shermans March to the Sea

• November 1864
• Sherman burns Atlanta and heads for Savannah
• 62,000 troops spread out over 60 miles wide for
  300 miles
• Destroyed everything in their way
• Sherman gives Lincoln Savannah as a Christmas
  present

7
Election of 1864

• Lincoln fears losing
• Andrew Johnson named Vice-President candidate
• Democrat from Tennessee
• Democrats nominate George McClellan
• With Sherman taking Atlanta, Lincoln easily wins
• Thirteenth Amendment
• Passed in February of 1865 and ratified on
  December 6, 1865
• Ended slavery in the U.S.

8
Election of 1864 Map
9
End of the War

• Grant controls Richmond
• Sherman begins to move north
• Destroys South Carolina
• Appomattox Court House
• Lee leaves Richmond to unite with Johnstons
  forces
• April 9, 1865, Lee surrounded at Appomattox Court
  House
• Lee surrenders his army to Grant
• Johnston surrenders to Sherman in North Carolina

10
Lincolns Assassination

• John Wilkes Booth leads failed kidnapping plot
• Booth leads plan to kill General Grant, Vice
  President Johnson, Secretary of State Seward, and
  President Lincoln
• April 14, 1865
• Fords Theater in Washington, D.C.
• Booth mortally wounds Lincoln
• Died the next morning
• Booth killed in a tobacco warehouse in Virginia

11
Results of the War

• North
• Over 360,000 dead soldiers
• Increased industry
• Women in workforce
• Start of Reconstruction Plans (1865 1877)

• South
• Over 260,000 dead soldiers
• Cities, ports, and farmland destroyed
• Food shortages
• Changes in womens roles
• Slavery ends, creating a completely new way of
  life in the South

12
(No Transcript)
13
Other Results of the War

• Economic
• Republican (Whig) policies
• Federal banking re-established
• Land grants to the western territories
• Transcontinental Railroad started
• Social
• 4 million freedmen, what rights do they have?
• How do you reconstruct the nation and make it a
  lasting peace?
• Punish or embrace the south?