What Do We Do Now? (1865-1877)

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What Do We Do Now?(1865-1877)
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What Do We Do Now?(1865-1877)
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The War Ends
April 9th, 1865 Southern forces under command of
Robert E. Lee surrender to General Grant of the
Union army.
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Conditions After the War
Most homes undamaged Towns prospered and grew
Life carried on as normal
Fields full of weeds/ Livestock killed Houses and
Barns Destroyed Bridges Broken
2/3s Railroad Lines Gone
Little to no labor force
25 of white population gone
4 million former slaves free BUT homeless,
unemployed, penniless
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Any ideas on how we...

• will rebuild the war-torn South?
• will re-admit the former Confederate States into
  the Union?
• will include 4 million former slaves into
  American life (poor, homeless, unemployed,
  illiterate)?

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Two Plans
versus

• Presidential
• Lenient, forgiving
• Designed to heal the nation quickly

• Congressional
• Harsh, military rule
• Designed to punish the South

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Ideas for Reconstruction?
Amnesty (official pardon) to southerners who
swore loyalty to the Union.
State recognition if 1. Accept Emancipation
Proclamation 2. 10 of voters take oath of loyalty
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Tragedy Strikes!

• Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booths
  bullet(Kennedy/Lincoln Similarities?)

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Andrew Johnson Attempts to Fill BIG SHOES
Named temporary governors to hold office in the
seceded states.
Amnesty granted to all but a few who fought
against the Union.
Ordered southern states to draw up new state
constitutions.
Asked each state to ratify the 13th Amendment
outlawing slavery.
Only after these steps are taken can southern
states elect state officials and representatives.
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Radical Republicans have different plans
Congress should decide how to deal with the South
The Presidents terms are too generous!
Sponsor the Wade-Davis Bill, 1864
Punish the South! Send a message loud and clear!
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Wade-Davis Bill, 1864
1. Those Confederates who voluntarily fight
should not be allowed to vote or hold office. 2.
A majority of the state population must pledge
loyalty before this Congress will recognize their
statehood.
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Are You Ready to RUMBLE?
Andrew Johnson, President
Radical Republicans, Congress
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A Boxing Match Begins
Radical Republicans
President Johnson
Implements Reconstruction
Creates committee to report on progress and
re-evaluate
Vetos Law State Jurisdiction
Pass Freedmans Bureau
Civil Rights Act, 1866
Vetos Law Unconstitutional
Congress Overrides!!!
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Who Won Round One?
Freedmens Bureau
VETO!
VETO!
OVERRIDE!
Start Reconstruction
Evaluate Plan
Civil Rights Act
Andrew Johnson, President
Radical Republicans, Congress
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Round Two!
Radical Republicans
President Johnson
Urged southern states NOT to ratify, 10 states
listened
Draft 14th Amendment
Keep Confederate officials from voting and
holding office
Gives citizenship to US born persons
Blacks counted in population and right to vote
Southern debt is Souths problem
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Who Won Round Two?
DONT RATIFY!!!!!
14 Amendment
Right to Vote
10 States Listened
Citizenship
Limit Politicians
Limit Aid to South
Andrew Johnson, President
Radical Republicans, Congress
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Round Three
President Johnson
Radical Republicans
VETO!!!!!
First Reconstruction Act passes
???????????????
OVERRIDE!!!!!
10 Southern States Illegal! Declare Districts and
Military Control
State Constitutional Convention Create NEW State
Constitutions approved by CONGRESS Accept 14th
Amendment Thenrejoin the Union
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Who Won Round Three?
Reconstruction Act
OVERRIDE!
VETO!!!!!
10 States Punished
Military Rule
Ultimatums
Andrew Johnson, President
Radical Republicans, Congress
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President Johnson is in TROUBLE!
What more can I do?
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Round Four
Radical Republicans
President Johnson
Fires Secretary of War, a known radical.
Congress Passes Tenure Office Act
The president cannot remove any cabinet members
without permission from the Senate.
Congress IMPEACHES the president of the United
States!
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Is it over?
Youre Fired!
Tenure Office Act
IMPEACHMENT!
Andrew Johnson, President
Radical Republicans, Congress
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KNOCK OUT!
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Positive Effects

• 13th Amendment
• - ended slavery
• 14th Amendment
• - gave African-Americans citizenship
• 15th Amendment
• - gave African-Americans (men) right to vote

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More Positive Effects

• Freedmans Bureau
• - provided basic education
• - medical care
• - food clothing
• - formed schools colleges
• - brought families together

• Civil Rights Act
• - promised citizenship
• - promised civil rights
• - gave federal government the right to step in
  if states refused to acknowledge these rights.

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Negative Effects

• African-Americans face setbacks, harassment,
  terror
• - black codes
• - literacy tests poll taxes
• - Ku Klux Klan, a.k.a. KKK
• - Jim Crow laws/segregation

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Reconstruction?(1865-1877)