The%20Civil%20War

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TheCivil War Reconstruction (1860-1877)
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White Southerners' Defense of Slaveholding

• Go to the class website and read the 3 attached
  articles and answer the 8 questions at the end of
  the articles. Submit your responses to
  Turn-It-In.

3
Section 1 The Civil War Begins

• Election of 1860
• Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln
• Democrats split over slavery issue
• Southern Democrats nominate John Breckinridge
• Northern Democrats nominate Stephen Douglas
• Constitutional Union party nominates John Bell
• Lincoln is elected with less than 40 of popular
  votes but with nearly 60 of electoral votes.
• Southern secession begins
• December 20, 1860 South Carolina
• By February 1, 1861 Mississippi, Florida,
  Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana
• February 8, 1861 Confederate States of America
  is created Jefferson Davis President

4
While running for president, Abraham Lincoln
said he had no plans to abolish slavery. Why
then, even before he took office, did South
Carolina and 6 other southern states decide to
secede?
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The Civil War Begins, cont

• Lincoln doesnt become president until March, in
  the meantime President Buchanan does NOTHING!
• What should he have done?
• The First Shots
• Fort Sumter Falls
• Union fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
• Confederates demand surrender of fort but Union
  commander refuses.
• Confederates bombard fort for 33 hours until
  surrender. No one was killed during bombardment
• The Upper South Secedes
• Between April 17 and June 8, 1861 Virginia,
  Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas secede.
• The Border States
• Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, Maryland slave
  states that dont secede (but it was close)

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The Union Confederacy in 1861
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The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
8
The Confederate White House
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The Confederate Seal
MOTTO ? With God As Our Vindicator
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A Northern View of Jeff Davis
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Strengths and Weaknesses

• After having read The Opposing Sides in section
  1, create an outline of the military, economic,
  industrial, and political positions of the North
  and South at the outset of the Civil War.
• Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the two
  sides in the Civil War.
• Using the information in your outline, write
  summary statements about the advantages and
  disadvantages held by the North and South in the
  conflict ahead.

Military Economic Industrial Political
North
South
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Rating the North the South
13
Railroad Lines, 1860
14
Resources North the South
15
Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
16
Ohio Military Service
17
Soldiers Occupations North/South Combined
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Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
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Strategies for Victory

• The Souths Strategy
• A defensive war of attrition.
• Minimize casualties
• Maximize superior military skill
• Plan required discipline (oops)
• The Norths Strategy
• The Anaconda Plan
• Blockade Confederate ports
• Cut the Confederacy in two by controlling the
  Mississippi River
• Capture the Capital, Richmond Virginia
• The Northern strategy worked but it took four
  years. Considering their obvious advantages, what
  would you have had them do to achieve a quicker
  victory?
• What could the South have done differently to
  achieve victory? (Think about our current wars)

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Overviewofthe NorthsCivil WarStrategy Anaco
ndaPlan
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Lincolns Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan,Again!
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McClellan I Can Do It All!
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The Confederate Generals
Stonewall Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
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Section 2 Fighting the Civil War

• Not an easy victory.
• What was the goal of the war?
• Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation
  effective January 1, 1863
• Frees slaves in states at war with the Union.
• Does not address slavery in border states.
• Keeps Great Britain from aiding the South.
• Transforms the conflict over preserving the
  Union into a war of liberation.

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TheEmancipationProclamation
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Emancipation in 1863
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The Southern View of Emancipation
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African-American Recruiting Poster
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The Famous 54th Massachusetts
30
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould Shaw
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African-Americansin Civil War Battles
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Black Troops Freeing Slaves
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Your Assignment Todayhttp//www.civilwararchive.
com/LETTERS/letters.htm

• Do a SOAPSTone of a Civil War letter.
• Subject (What is the letter about? Describe at
  least 3 main points.)
• Occasion (What event(s) is the letter
  describing?)
• Audience (Who is the letter written for?)
• Purpose (Why is the letter being written? What
  is the purpose?)
• Speaker (Who is speaking? What side does he
  fight for?)
• Tone (What is the tone of the piece? How do you
  know?)
• What impacted you the most about the letter?
• Choose 3 lines or phrases from the letter that
  left the biggest impression include them and
  explain why you chose them.

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Key Battles of the Civil War

• Working alone, in pairs, or in a group of three,
  research one of the major battles of the Civil
  War and prepare a slide show presentation that
  includes the following information about your
  battle Due Monday, 9-30-13
• The date of the battle 3 points
• The location of the battle 3 points
• Key people in the battle (Generals, etc.) 3
  points
• A description of the battle 10 points
• The outcome of the battle 3 points
• The casualties from each side 3 points
• Pictures, charts, graphs, maps, other visuals
  10 points
• Total points possible 35
• www.historycentral.com/bio is an excellent
  source for information about the Generals
• Remember eye contact, volume, pace, and knowledge
  (you are teaching this material to the class) A
  good presentation will take 3-5 minutes.

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The Battles of the Civil War The Battles of the Civil War
First Battle of Bull Run (Battle of First Manassas) The Siege of Vicksburg
Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac The Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Chickamauga
Battle of New Orleans The Battle of Chattanooga
The Battle of Seven Pines The Battle in the Wilderness
Battle of Harpers Ferry The Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse
Battle of Antietam The Battle of Cold Harbor
The Battle of Fredericksburg The Battle of Atlanta
The Second Battle of Bull Run General Shermans March to the Sea
The Battle of Chancellorsville The Richmond Campaign
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Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)July, 1861
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The Battle of the Ironclads,March, 1862
The Monitor vs.the Merrimac
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Damage on the Deck of the Monitor
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War in the East 1861-1862
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Battle of Antietam Bloodiest Single Day of the
War
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
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The War in the West, 1863 Vicksburg
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The Road to Gettysburg 1863
43
Gettysburg Casualties
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The North Initiates the Draft, 1863
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Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
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Recruiting Blacks in NYC
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NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
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NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
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A Pogrom Against Blacks
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Inflation in the South
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The Progress of War 1861-1865
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ShermansMarchto theSeathroughGeorgia,1864
53
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
54
The Peace Movement Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
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1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster
Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus Does that tarnish
his presidency?
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Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864
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Presidential Election Results 1864
58
The Final Virginia Campaign1864-1865
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Surrender at AppomattoxApril 9, 1865
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The South Surrenders

• Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant on
  April 9, 1865, in Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
• Grant offers generous terms of surrender.
• Confederate soldiers wont be prosecuted for
  treason.
• Officers could keep their side arms
• Soldiers could keep their horses
• Lincolns Assassination April 14, 1865
• Despite warnings from his advisors, an unescorted
  Lincoln and his wife attend a play at Fords
  Theater.
• John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in the back of
  the head.
• Lincoln dies the next morning.
• Booth and his conspirators were trying to
  re-ignite the war.

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Impact of the War

• Union

• Confederacy

• 111,000 killed in action
• 250,000 killed by non-military causes (mostly
  disease)
• Over 275,000 wounded
• Estimated cost in todays dollars 6.2 billion

• 93,000 killed in action
• 165,000 killed by non-military causes (mostly
  disease)
• Over 137,000 wounded
• Estimated cost in todays dollars 2.12 billion

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Casualties on Both Sides
63
Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Wars
64
Fords Theater (April 14, 1865)
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The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
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The Assassination
67
WANTED!!
68
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
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The Execution
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Section 3 - Reconstruction

• Lincoln had wanted reconcile the South with the
  Union instead of punishing it for treason.
• Lincolns assassination led to rise of Radical
  Republicans
• Conflict over how best to deal with former
  Confederate states
• Reconstruction brought about great political
  upheaval
• The Souths election of former Confederate
  leaders to Congress caused moderate Republicans
  to join with Radical Republicans
• South punished for causing the war

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Section 3 - Reconstruction

• President Johnson Impeached
• 13th Amendment
• 14th Amendment
• 15th Amendment
• Freedmens Bureau
• Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
• Black Codes
• Tenant Farmers and Sharecroppers
• Rise of the Klan
• Reconstruction ends in 1877

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Your Reconstruction Plan

• You and your group are a committee set up to
  create a Reconstruction Plan after the Civil War.
  There are several issues to address when looking
  at this. You are to present your options to the
  class tomorrow. When we as a class will debate
  plans and create a plan that the class approves
  of.
• First your group should determine your answers to
  the following questions. Every person in the
  group must fill out this sheet to be handed in.