Research Question(s)

1
Research Question(s)

• Sample Research Questions
• Does the use of e-Information responders to
  provide immediate feedback to graduate students
  in AEE classes increase student learning?
• Does the use of e-Information responders to
  provide immediate feedback to graduate students
  in AEE classes improve student evaluations of
  classes?

2
Research Question(s)

• One may have several research question
• For data analysis avoid research questions with
  an and
• Does the use of e-Information responders to
  provide immediate feedback to graduate students
  in AEE classes increase student learning and
  improve student evaluations of classes?

One part of the question may be yes and the other
no. It is best to compartmentalize everything.
3
The Hypothesis

• In proposing or reporting research, two types of
  hypotheses are normally stated
• Directional
• AEE graduate students will learn more in classes
  in which e-Instruction responders are used than
  in classes where they are not used.
• Null
• There will be no difference in AEE graduate
  student learning in classes in which
  e-Instruction responders are used and in classes
  in which they are not used.

4
The Hypothesis

• It is possible to have a nondirectional
  hypothesis. This is stated the same as a null
  hypothesis.
• When one performs a statistical test, they are
  actually testing the Null hypothesis

5
Literature Review
5

• It may be incorporated into introduction
• Ensures that you are not reinventing the wheel
• Gives credits to those who have laid the
  groundwork for your research
• Demonstrates your understanding of the
  theoretical and research issues to your research
  question

6
Literature Review
6

• Shows your ability to critically evaluate
  relevant literature information
• Indicates your ability to integrate and combine
  the existing literature
• Provides new theoretical insights or develops a
  new model as the conceptual framework for your
  research

7
Literature Review
7

• Convinces your reader that your proposed research
  will make a significant and extensive
  contribution to literature
• Resolving an important theoretical issue

8
Literature Review (major mistakes)
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• Lacking organization and structure
• Lacking focus, unity and coherence
• Being repetitive and verbose
• Failing to cite influential papers
• Failing to keep up with recent developments
• Failing to critically evaluate cited paper

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Literature Review Organization
9

• Make use of subheadings to bring order and
  coherence to your review
• Having established the importance of your
  research area and its current state of
  development
• Theory models, measuring instrument,
  cross-cultural and gender differences,

10
Introduction
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• Set the delimitation or boundaries of your
  proposed research to provide a clear focus
• Provide definition of key concepts

11
Introduction

• It provides the necessary background or context
  for your research problem
• It begins with a general statement of the problem
  area, with focus on a specific research problem
• Then it followed by the rational or justification
  for proposed study
• How to frame the research problem is the biggest
  problem in proposal writing!!!!!!!!!!

12
Introduction

• State the research problem
• Provide the context and set the stage for your
  research question
• Present the rational of your proposed study and
  indicate clearly why it is worth doing
• Describe the major issues and sub-problem to be
  addressed by your research

13
Introduction

• Identify the key independent and dependent
  variables of your experiment
• Specify the phenomenon you want to study
• State your hypothesis or theory