Nationalism and Revolution Around the World

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Nationalism and Revolution Around the World

• Section 2 Nationalism in Africa and the Middle
  East

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Africans Resist Colonial Rule

• After World War I, many Africans who had fought
  on behalf of their colonial rulers felt that they
  had earned more rights.
• Instead, they were suppressed and segregated from
  the white community.
• In South Africa, the system of apartheid led to a
  nationalist movement and a political party known
  as the ANC.

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Nationalism and Africa for Africans

• Pan-Africanism became a popular movement in the
  1920s.
• French-speaking writers in West Africa and the
  Caribbean inspired pride in Africans through the
  negritude movement.
• In 1922, Egypt was the first to be granted
  independence, although Britain still controlled
  Egypts monarchy.

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Turkey and Persia Modernize

• After World War I, Turkey and Persia both
  struggled to become truly independent nations.
• Turkish ruler Atatürk and Persian ruler Reza Khan
  took steps to separate religion from government
  and to introduce Western ways.
• Others felt that Islam should play a larger role
  in these states.

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Arab Nationalism and the Middle East

• When gasoline-powered engines came into
  widespread use, the oil of the Middle East became
  more valuable.
• A Pan-Arabism movement grew to unite Arab peoples
  and keep their lands free from foreign
  domination.
• Arabs felt betrayed by the results of the Paris
  Peace Conference and mistrusted the West.
• They were also angered by British and Zionist
  attempts to set up a Jewish homeland in
  Palestine.

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