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The Rise of Sovereignty

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The Rise of Sovereignty Louis XIV: Absolutism personified r. 1643-1715 – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Rise of Sovereignty


1
The Rise of Sovereignty
  • Louis XIV Absolutism personified
  • r. 1643-1715

2
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3
By the end of the 11th century, and for the
following 200 years, kings and powerful lords
imposed greater order in their territories.
Where these kings succeeded, strong dynastic
states emerged. Where the monarchs failed, as
they did in the Holy Roman Empire and Italy, no
viable states evolved until the 1860s.
4
Spain
  • 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella
  • Reconquista
  • Purity of Blood
  • Orthodoxy of Faith/Inquisition
  • 1492!
  • 1516 Charles V- height of the Spanish Empire
  • 1556 Philip II- wars against the Muslims, Dutch
    and the English bankrupted Spain-squandered all
    the gold and silver from Spanish America

5
The Hapsburg empire of Charles V. 1516-1556
6
Austria
  • The Hapsburgs- used marriage, Catholicism and
    foreign threats to consolidate power
  • Thirty Years War, Peace of Westphalia, 1618-1648
    tightened Hapsburg control over eastern states of
    HRE and control of Bohemia and Hungary.
  • War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Austria
    emerged, along with England, as a major force in
    European political life

7
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8
Prussia
  • 1415- Hohenzollern family ruled Brandenburg
  • 1616 Inherited Prussia as a fief from Polish
    king began a dream to unite two provinces
    further holdings grew through marriage and
    inheritance
  • 1653 Frederick William - deal with nobles
    made serfdom permanent but lost their voice in
    governing.
  • Frederick William I The Soldier-king No natural
    boundaries emphasized defensive army
  • The military class (Junkers) served as the
    bureaucracy
  • Frederick the Great (1740-1786) established
    Prussia as a great power

9
Russia
  • 1584-1613 time of troubles ended with the
    election of Mikhail Romanov as Czar
  • 1682-1725 Peter the Great
  • Copied Prussia's political arrangement
    guaranteeing serfdom to be permanent
  • Ignored advice from the aristocracy
  • Reformed the army in the manner of France
  • Built a navy- learned ship-building from the
    Dutch
  • Declared himself head of Orthodox Church
  • Built St. Petersburg- window to the west

10
Holy Roman Empire
  • Failed to create a unified state- Emperor (a
    Hapsburg) was an elected office dependent on the
    Catholic church and the nobility
  • Emperors preoccupied with Italy and the Pope
  • Charles V fought wars against Lutherans, Turks
    and French as well as his own fiercely
    independent princes
  • 1555 Peace of Augsberg granted religious
    toleration to each ruling family, (ending any
    possibility for religious unity.)

11
Francis I (1515-1547) concluded an agreement with
Pope Leo X (Concordant of Bologna) permitting the
king of France to nominate and therefore appoint
his choice of Bishops to the French church (the
Gallican church.
12
  • Henry IV (1589-1610) Paris is well worth a
    mass

13
Louis XIV1638-1715 Reigned 1643-1715
  • The Sun King

14
  • "The State is the King and I am the King -
  • l'etat c'est moi

15
Louis XIII Anne of Austria
16
Cardinal Richelieu, PM 1624 - 1642
  • First modern Prime Minister
  • raison d'etat
  • Broke power of the nobility
  • Created Intendants
  • Harrassed Huguenots

17
Cardinal Mazarin, PM1643-1661
18
Le Fronde, 1648-1653
19
The Palace of Versailles, 1662-1682
20
The Hall of Mirrors, 225 ft long!
21
The Nobility
22
Domestic policies
  • Intendants
  • Edict of Nantes
  • Lettres de cachet
  • The Old Bargain
  • Tax Farmers
  • Mercantilism

23
Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 1619-1667Economic policy
of Mercantilism
  • Favorable balance of trade
  • Self-sufficient empire/colonies
  • Govt subsidies to establish new industries
  • Abolished internal tariffs/raised external
  • Forbid exportation of foodstuffs
  • Built roads and canals
  • Expanded navy
  • Created standards of excellence of everything
    French

24
Foreign Policy-War
  • The 1st Dutch War, 1667-1668
  • The 2nd Dutch War, 1672-1678
  • War with the League of Augsberg, 1688-1697
  • War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-1713
  • For 46 of his 72 year reign France was at war
    goal secure natural boundaries (Rhine river)

25
The impact of Louis XIV
  • 20 of population died during his reign
  • Famine and unrest were common
  • Trade disrupted
  • Tax system ruined
  • Treasury bankrupt

26
The End...any questions?
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