Title: The Rise of Sovereignty
1The Rise of Sovereignty
- Louis XIV Absolutism personified
- r. 1643-1715
2(No Transcript)
3By the end of the 11th century, and for the
following 200 years, kings and powerful lords
imposed greater order in their territories.
Where these kings succeeded, strong dynastic
states emerged. Where the monarchs failed, as
they did in the Holy Roman Empire and Italy, no
viable states evolved until the 1860s.
4Spain
- 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella
- Reconquista
- Purity of Blood
- Orthodoxy of Faith/Inquisition
- 1492!
- 1516 Charles V- height of the Spanish Empire
- 1556 Philip II- wars against the Muslims, Dutch
and the English bankrupted Spain-squandered all
the gold and silver from Spanish America
5The Hapsburg empire of Charles V. 1516-1556
6Austria
- The Hapsburgs- used marriage, Catholicism and
foreign threats to consolidate power - Thirty Years War, Peace of Westphalia, 1618-1648
tightened Hapsburg control over eastern states of
HRE and control of Bohemia and Hungary. - War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Austria
emerged, along with England, as a major force in
European political life
7(No Transcript)
8Prussia
- 1415- Hohenzollern family ruled Brandenburg
- 1616 Inherited Prussia as a fief from Polish
king began a dream to unite two provinces
further holdings grew through marriage and
inheritance - 1653 Frederick William - deal with nobles
made serfdom permanent but lost their voice in
governing. - Frederick William I The Soldier-king No natural
boundaries emphasized defensive army - The military class (Junkers) served as the
bureaucracy - Frederick the Great (1740-1786) established
Prussia as a great power
9Russia
- 1584-1613 time of troubles ended with the
election of Mikhail Romanov as Czar - 1682-1725 Peter the Great
- Copied Prussia's political arrangement
guaranteeing serfdom to be permanent - Ignored advice from the aristocracy
- Reformed the army in the manner of France
- Built a navy- learned ship-building from the
Dutch - Declared himself head of Orthodox Church
- Built St. Petersburg- window to the west
10Holy Roman Empire
- Failed to create a unified state- Emperor (a
Hapsburg) was an elected office dependent on the
Catholic church and the nobility - Emperors preoccupied with Italy and the Pope
- Charles V fought wars against Lutherans, Turks
and French as well as his own fiercely
independent princes - 1555 Peace of Augsberg granted religious
toleration to each ruling family, (ending any
possibility for religious unity.)
11Francis I (1515-1547) concluded an agreement with
Pope Leo X (Concordant of Bologna) permitting the
king of France to nominate and therefore appoint
his choice of Bishops to the French church (the
Gallican church.
12- Henry IV (1589-1610) Paris is well worth a
mass
13Louis XIV1638-1715 Reigned 1643-1715
14- "The State is the King and I am the King -
- l'etat c'est moi
15Louis XIII Anne of Austria
16Cardinal Richelieu, PM 1624 - 1642
- First modern Prime Minister
- raison d'etat
- Broke power of the nobility
- Created Intendants
- Harrassed Huguenots
17Cardinal Mazarin, PM1643-1661
18Le Fronde, 1648-1653
19The Palace of Versailles, 1662-1682
20The Hall of Mirrors, 225 ft long!
21The Nobility
22Domestic policies
- Intendants
- Edict of Nantes
- Lettres de cachet
- The Old Bargain
- Tax Farmers
- Mercantilism
23Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 1619-1667Economic policy
of Mercantilism
- Favorable balance of trade
- Self-sufficient empire/colonies
- Govt subsidies to establish new industries
- Abolished internal tariffs/raised external
- Forbid exportation of foodstuffs
- Built roads and canals
- Expanded navy
- Created standards of excellence of everything
French
24Foreign Policy-War
- The 1st Dutch War, 1667-1668
- The 2nd Dutch War, 1672-1678
- War with the League of Augsberg, 1688-1697
- War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-1713
- For 46 of his 72 year reign France was at war
goal secure natural boundaries (Rhine river)
25The impact of Louis XIV
- 20 of population died during his reign
- Famine and unrest were common
- Trade disrupted
- Tax system ruined
- Treasury bankrupt
26The End...any questions?