Lesson 5 Early Religions in Africa and the West

1
Lesson 5Early Religions in Africa and the West

• Title

2
Polytheism

• Worshiping many gods

?????
????
?????
3
Afterlife

• Life after death

??????
4
Mummy

• A body that has been dried so it won't decay

???? ??
?????????
???????
???? ??
????
5
Egyptian Afterlife

• Believed bodies would be used in afterlife
• Everyday items and food buried with the dead
  because these items would be needed in the
  afterlife

6
Important Egyptian Gods?????? ??????? ??????

• Re
• Osiris
• Isis
• Anubis
• Ptah

7
Re

• God of the sun

8
Osiris

• God who judged Egyptians after death

9
Isis

• The goddess of birth

10
Anubis

• God of the dead

11
Ptah

• God of craftspeople

12
Craftspeople

• People who make objects such as furniture,
  pottery, and tools

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????
??????
13
Origins of Judaism

• Judaism began in ancient Mesopotamia

???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????
14
Hebrews

• A Mesopotamian group of herders and farmers (2000
  B.C.E)

?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????
15
Torah

• The first five books of the Hebrew bible

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????
16
Abraham

• The father of the Hebrews

???????? ???? ??????????
17

• According to the Torah, God promised the land of
  Canaan to Abraham and his people
• Abraham led his people to the Promised Land of
  Canaan

18
Israelites

• The Hebrews in Canaan became known as the
  Israelites

???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???????
19
Famine

• Not enough food

?? ?? ???? ?? ??????
20

• Around 1300 B.C.E, there was a famine in Canaan
• The starving Israelites went to Egypt

21
Enslaved

• Took away someone's freedom

??? ?? ??? ??????
22

• When the Israelites arrived in Egypt, the
  Egyptians enslaved them

23
Moses

• Leader who led the Israelites out of Egypt

????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???
24
Exodus

• The Israelites journey from Egypt

???? ??? ??????? ?? ???
25
Exodus

• The Egyptian king sent his army to make Moses and
  his return to Egypt
• According to tradition, God parted the Red Sea
  for Moses and his people to cross, but drowned
  the Egyptians in it

26
The Ten Commandments

• According to the Torah, the ten laws given by God
  to Moses on Mount Sinai

???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
27
Covenant

• An agreement

?????
28
First Commandment

• First commandment said that the Hebrews could
  worship only one God
• When Moses made a covenant with God, he
  established a new religion

29
Judaism

• The religion of the Jewish people

????? ????? ???????
30
Israel

• The ancient kingdom of the Israelites

??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
31
Judaism Influences Western Civilization

• Jewish culture and influence began to spread

32
Principles

• Rules or beliefs

????? ?? ?????????
33
Torah

• The Torah became central to Jewish life
• It provided
• History
• Laws
• Beliefs
• Principles
• Rules

34
Rituals

• Religious ceremonies

?????????? ???????
35
Monotheism

• Belief in one, all-powerful God

??????? ????? ?? ???? ???
36

• Prior to the Torah, people had believed in many
  gods
• The Torah helped spread the belief in one all
  powerful God

37
Philistines

• Invaders who attacked Israel

?????? ????? ?????? ???????
38
Facing Challenges

• 1029 B.C.E Philistines came from Philistia to
  attack Israel
• Later Israelite leaders disagreements caused
  problems
• 922 B.C.E Israel split into two kingdoms, Israel
  and Judah

39
Babylonians Invade

• 597 B.C.E. Babylon invaded Jerusalem
• Destroy Israelites' Temple
• Enslaved Israelites
• Took them to Babylon
• Israelites became known as Jews

40
Jews

• The new name of the Israelites

????? ?????? ????????
41
King Cyrus II

• Captured Babylon
• Freed Jews
• Many Jews returned to Jerusalem and rebuilt temple

42
Prophets and the Messiah

• Prophets were spiritual leaders who predicted the
  future

????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????
43
Messiah

• A king the prophets believed would come to rule
  the Jews

??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????
44
Origins of Christianity

• A second monotheistic religion begins in Palestine

45
Christianity

• Religion based on Jewish ideas and the teachings
  of Jesus

????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????
46
Jesus

• A Jewish teacher who developed the ideas on which
  Christianity is based

?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????
????????
47
Jesus

• Born when Romans ruled Judea
• Story told in the Gospels
• 4 books written after Jesus' death by his
  disciples

48
Disciples

• Followers of Jesus

????? ????
49
Disciples who wrote the Gospel

• Mathew
• Mark
• Luke
• John

50
Jesus

• According to the Gospels, Jesus
• - taught that the kingdom of God was coming
• - performed miracles

51

• People began to believe Jesus was the Messiah and
  could free them from Roman rule

52
Overthrow

• Remove someone from power by force

????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????
53
Overthrow

• Roman leaders were scared Jesus and his followers
  might overthrow them

54
Crucifixion

• The Roman governor ordered Jesus to be killed by
  crucifixion
• Crucifixion is the execution by hanging from a
  cross

??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????
55
Resurrection

• The return of Jesus from the dead

???? ???? ?? ??? ???????
56
Christianity Spreads

• Jesus' followers carried on his teachings
• One follower, Paul, spread Christianity
  throughout the Roman Empire