Section III: The Golden Age of Athens (Pages 117-117)

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Section III The Golden Age of Athens(Pages
117-117)

• This section is about
• How Athens, under Pericles expanded its
  democratic government, prospered economically,
  and experienced a golden age in which
  architecture, literature, and philosophy
  flourished.
• How the Peloponnesian War brought an end to Greek
  unity.

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• When the Persian Wars were over, Athens was
  messed up.
• But in a short time they were the richest, most
  powerful city-state in Greece.
• One way that got rich was by demanding tribute
  from the other members of the Delian League.
• This led to the birth of the Athenian Empire
  (their classical age).
• Politics, Art, and Literature flourished, there
  was order, balance, and harmony in Athens.
• Its also called the Age of Pericles (Athens
  ruler at the time).

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Pericles believed in a direct democracy
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• With many people active in government.
• They served in the assembly or on a jury a
  group of people who make a decision (they even
  got paid for it).
• This was done by lot picked at random.
• They used a lot of juries (200-25000 per day).
• Even though anyone could become a public
  official, you had a better chance if you were
  rich (they had better knowledge, experience, and
  time)
• The assembly also had the power to hold an
  unpopularity contest to get rid of people

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As he was a great speaker, Pericles

• Convinced Athenians to re-build Athens (from
  tribute money and Athenian silver mines)
• Other city-states didnt like their money going
  to that, but Pericles said Athens could use its
  money any way it wanted to (since he was
  protecting them with part of it).

Money (a tax? paid for protection)
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Athens Golden Age culture

• Greek citizens developed their own styles of
  architecture, art, and literature.
• Athens experienced a Golden Age.
• Athens was a place for artists, writers, and
  thinkers to dare to ask questions. They weren't
  depending on the gods for their answers they
  wanted to find out why for themselves.

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Architecture and Art

• A time when they built magnificent temples for
  their gods and for public / commercial uses
  (Homes were pretty basic though).
• A lot of great paintings, sculpture, and ceramics
  comes from this time (with heroic acts of the
  gods, historical events, and daily life).
• Humans in art at this time were not shown as they
  really were, but in nearly ideal and perfect form.

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Earliest Greek writing was done in poetry,but
one of their great innovations was drama
(usually in open air theaters done by men)

• Plays could be tragedies or comedies. Tragedies
  explored deep ideas and conflicts (with lots of
  suffering and misery).
• Comedies often poked fun at leaders and their
  policies.
• They even had drama contests with rules to make
  them fair.
• The Father of History (Herodotus) would even
  research the past to make sure he had good plays.

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The Three Great Thinkers were Philosophers who
asked Where did the world come from? and What
is the world made of?
Socrates Plato Aristotle
Believed that goodness is knowledge and that doing evil is worse than suffering from evil. Young people loved him, but others said he was corrupting the youth. A jury sentenced him to death and he killed himself by drinking hemlock (a powerful poison) Was a student of Socrates. Most of what we know about Socrates is because Plato took notes. Plato wrote about the ideal society, the nature of goodness and friendship, and the idea of truth. He started a school called the Academy. Was a student of Plato. He was a teacher of a guy named Alexander the Great (will come along a little later). He set up a school that taught his students to learn by observation. He considered what makes a good life and studied which governments were the best. He favored moderation and avoiding extremes (liked the middle class)
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Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
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The Peloponnesian War
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• Many of the great men of Athens fought in the
  Peloponnesian War.
• Athens vs. Sparta
• Sparta led an army into Attica (an area near
  Athens).
• The Athenians didnt fight they retreated back
  to their walled city (bad idea).
• A plague broke out in Athens and many died (while
  the Spartans were destroying the surrounding
  countryside).
• Even Pericles died from the plague during this
  time.

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Fighting continued for 8 more years

• There was peace for a while until the Athenians
  invaded Sicily (where they were defeated).
• Athens was having struggles back home for power
  (an oligarchy even took over for a while).
• Finally, the Spartans surprised and destroyed the
  Athenian Navy and Athens was starved into
  surrender by a Spartan blockade.
• Even though the war was over, there would not be
  Greek unity (not 1 big empire).

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Finish the bottom of page "E"
Horrible Histories Socrates Death
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