THE MIDDLE AGES

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THE MIDDLE AGES

• 500 1500 A.D.

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The Early Ages500 1000 (The Dark Ages)

• Barbarian invaders destroy Roman Empire
• Robbers and Bandits stop commerce travel
• Reading, writing, arts, science ignored
• Europe divides into weak kingdoms
• No law or order

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Medieval Europe
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The Feudal System

• King gives land (fief) to Lords in exchange for
  Fees, Loyalty, Military Support
• Lords provide land to Knights in exchange for
  Fees, Loyalty, Military Support
• Knights protect serfs in exchange for Fees,
  Loyalty, Military Support

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The Feudal System
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The Medieval Manor
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Serfs at Work
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HIGH MIDDLE AGES1000-1300

• Peak of medieval culture and politics
• New advances in farming population growth
  expanding trade economic growth
• Powerful Popes and influence of the Catholic
  Church
• Intellectual and Artistic Growth
• Cathedrals built Universities flourish

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William of Normandy(William the Conqueror)
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William of Normandy

• 1066 -Invades England The Battle of Hastings
  William the Conqueror
• All Nobles must swear oath of loyalty
• Builds network of castles across England
• 1086 - The Dooms Day Book a survey of all
  people and their belongings for tax purposes!

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Parts of a Medieval Castle
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Dooms Day Book
Castle Ruins
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Effects

• End of Feudalism
• Beginning of centralize gov.
• Development of Democracy

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Henry II (rules 1154-1189)

• Develops the Jury Trial and Common Law
• Appoints royal judges who tour land and deliver
  justice - law common to the whole kingdom. Jury
  trial with 12 good men
• Replaces inconsistent law codes from place to
  place, (Law of Nations)
• Legal decisions were then used as precedents in
  new cases
• Unifies England under a single legal system
  Common Law

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Henry II Richard the Lion Hearted King John
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King John

• 1215 Wants to tax nobles to pay for war with
  France
• Nobles Resist results in the Magna Carta
• Contract between King and Nobles
• Limited power of the king must govern according
  to the law!

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The Magna Carta Great Charter

• Asserts that nobles had certain rights
• The monarch must obey the law
• Due Process of Law - king will not sell, deny, or
  delay justice
• Protects from arbitrary arrest imprisonment
• No raising of taxes without the consultation of
  the Great Council (lords clergy)

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Magna Carta

• We will appoint as justices, constables,
  sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as know the law
  of the realm and mean to observe it well.

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Edward I (1239-1307)

• 1295 needs to pay for war with France
• Calls a meeting of lords, knights, burgesses
• What affects all, by all should be approved
• Model Parliament in 1295 established standard
  for later Parliaments

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1300s Parliament Evolves

• Parliament will later consist of two Houses
• Upper House House of Lords (Nobles Church
  High officials)
• Lower House Houses of Commons (Knights and
  Burgesses)
• Duties approve taxes and pass laws
• Power of the Purse House of Commons controls
  finances!

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Limits Power of the KingEstablished the
principle of REPRESENTATION
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Late Middle Ages1350-1550

• Europe is overwhelmed by disasters
• Plague/Black Death
• Decline in commerce
• Constant warfare
• Political instability
• The Renaissance
• The Reformation

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Medieval Universities
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Oxford University
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Late Medieval Town Dwellings