PP 2 Circulation 1

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PP 2 Circulation 1
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Circulatory Systemt

• Transport system to carry oxygen and nutrients to
  all of the cells in the body.
• Takes away waste products (like CO2)
• Heart pumps blood continuously
• Uses a network of blood vessels (to the cells /
  at the cells / back to the heart)
• (In diagrams red oxygenated blood blood
  that has oxygen blue deoxygenated blood
  blood that is carrying CO2))

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The process

• From the Heat pumps blood to (at the same
  time)
• Aorta an artery that carries blood (oxygenated)
  out of the heart and then through smaller
  arteries to the rest of the body.
• Pulmonary artery (actually a vein)- carries
  (deoxygenated) blood to the lungs.

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The process

• To the heart from the body at the same time
• Pulmonary vein (actually an artery) carries
  oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs.
• Vena Cava carries blood from the rest of the
  deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body.

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The process continued

• Double circulatory system If you follow 1 blood
  cell you will notice that it is in the heart 2
  times. One as oxygenated blood and the other as
  deoxygenated blood in 1 cycle.
• Oxygenated blood gives O2 to the cells and
  becomes deoxygenated (has CO2) when it comes back
  to the heart
• O2 is needed for cell respiration

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One way flow / blood pressure

• The heat has valves that allow the blood to flow
  only in 1 direction.
• The veins also have valves that stop the blood to
  flow backwards.
• Blood flows out of the heart in Arteries (like
  the Aorta) under high pressure
• Blood flows back to the heart in Veins (Vena
  Cava) under low pressure.

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Double Circulation

• Blood moving out of the heart is under high
  pressure.
• As it gets further away from the heart the
  pressure reduces.
• When pressure is high the movement of the blood
  is fast
• When pressure is low movement of the blood is
  slower

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Structure of the heart
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Vein
Right Atrium
Vena Cava
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Semi Lunar valve
Septum
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
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Function of the heart (muscular contactions
/Working of the valves)

• Heart is made of the cardiac muscle
• Contracts / Relaxes
• 60 beats per minute (average)
• Energy for the heart comes from fatty acids
  rather than glucose (for the rest of the body)
• This is brought to the heart via Coronary
  arteries (supply the heart with nutrients)

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contraction
Right Side Blood enters the heart through two
large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava,
emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the
right atrium. Left Side The pulmonary vein
empties oxygen-rich blood, from the lungs into
the left atrium.
Heart valves The tricuspid and bicuspid valves
stay shut until the right and left atriums are
full. The pressure of the blood being full in
the atrial chambers pushes the valves open and
then the ventricles fill up.
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contraction
Right Side Blood flows from your right atrium
into your right ventricle through the open
tricuspid valve. When the ventricles are full,
the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood
from flowing backward into the atria while the
ventricles contract (squeeze). Left Side Blood
flows from your left atrium into your left
ventricle through the open mitral valve. When the
ventricles are full, the mitral valve shuts. This
prevents blood from flowing backward into the
atria while the ventricles contract (squeeze).
Heat Valves The tricuspid and bicuspid valves
stay open till the ventricles are full. When the
ventricles contract, the pressure of the blood
pushing against the bicuspid and tricuspid
valves force it to shut. This allows the atrial
chambers to fill again as Blood is coming in via
the Vena cava and the pulmonary vein.
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contraction
Right Side Blood leaves the heart through the
semilunar valve, into the pulmonary artery and
to the lungs. Left Side Blood leaves the heart
through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to
the body. This pattern is repeated, causing blood
to flow continuously to the heart, lungs and
body.
When the ventricles are full, they force the
Semilunar valves to open. This forces the blood
into the Aorta (from the left ventricle) and into
the Pulmonary Artery (from the right ventricle).
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Coronary Heart Disease

• Coronary Arteries -Deliver blood to muscles of
  the heart
• Disease these arteries are blocked or damaged
  and therefore can not supply the heart with the
  nutrients it needs.
• How?
• Cholesterol builds up in the walls partly
  blocking the arteries
• Walls of the arteries less elastic (unable to
  expand and contract as normal).

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contiued

• Increases the chances of blood clot near the
  blocked area. The blood clot can move into a
  narrow area of the artery.
• When the heart is unable to get blood and
  nutrients due to this it stops functioning
  properly.
• This is a heart attack.

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Heart viewed from the front of the Body with
Pericardium Removed
Left Pulmonary Artery
Superior Vena Cava
Aorta
Right Pulmonary Artery
Left Pulmonary veins
Coronary Artery Coronary Vein
Anterior Vena Cava
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Causes and prevetative measures
Causes Preventative Measures
diet in high saturated fats cause cholesterol to be deposited in the coronary arteries Too much salt in diet Smoking Stress regular exercise well balanced diet less salt no smoking