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CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

• Section 1
• The Rise of Nationalism

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A. Nationalism Takes Root

• What is Nationalism?
• National pride or loyalty, went up after War of
  1812
• Election of 1816
• Candidates Secretary of State James Monroe (R)
  vs. N.Y. Senator Rufus King (F)
• Result Monroe wins easily
• Last time the Federalists have a presidential
  candidate
• Era of Good Feelings political harmony

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B. Relations with Spain

• Battle over West Florida
• First Seminole War
• Spains attention focused on South America and
  Mexico
• Seminoles raid towns across border into Georgia
• Andrew Jackson began seizing Spanish forts in
  Florida and fighting against Seminoles
• Spain Decides to Deal
• Adams ultimatum Spain needed to control
  Seminoles or give up East Florida
• Adams-Onis Treaty gave East and West Florida to
  U.S.

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C. Monroe Doctrine

• Revolutions
• FYI Latin American colonies started to revolt
  against Spain around 1810. Revolutions were
  usually supported by U.S. citizens, many were
  inspired by American Revolution
• Simon Bolivar Venezuelan who fought in several
  revolutions in Latin America

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C. Monroe Doctrine

• A Warning
• Why was Monroe worried about European influence
  in Latin America?
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• U.S. would not interfere with any existing
  European colonies in Latin America, but would
  consider any attempt to regain or start new
  colonies as dangerous to our peace and safety
• Reaction
• How did the Monroe Doctrine represent a change in
  U.S. foreign policy?

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CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

• Section 2
• The Challenges of Growth

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A. The Economy

• Rebuilding After the War of 1812
• Manufacturing improved during war. Why?
• Next step find a balance between industry and
  agriculture
• Weakness in the System
• No National Bank Government forced to deal with
  state banks
• Money Problem not enough gold or silver, so no
  loans
• Transportation Problem all trade over land
• Reaction combined effort btw business and govt

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B. The American System

• Henry Clay
• Lawyer and politician from Kentucky, became
  Speaker of the House in 1811
• Later known as The Great Compromiser
• Features of the American System
• National Bank
• Protective tariff
• National transportation system
• Quickly accepted by Congress

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B. The American System

• Tariff of 1816
• Protective measure placed duty on most imported
  factory goods
• What is the purpose for a protective tariff?
• Reaction supported by northern manufacturers
  and opposed by southern farmers
• Why this reaction? Hint Its the same old story
  as with any tariff at this time

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B. The American System

• Transportation
• National Road connected Cumberland, MD to
  Wheeling, WV and later Vandalia, IL
• Erie Canal 363-mile long canal linked Lake Erie
  to Hudson River, built by New York State
• Canals in NJ Morris Canal and Delaware and
  Raritan Canal see other handouts for more info
• Should such projects be aided by federal
  government or private business? Is this similar
  or different to today?

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The Federal Government built the National Road (National Pike) from Cumberland, MD, to Vandalia, IL, and gave it to the States in the 1830s to operate as a turnpike. As shown on this map, Maryland built an extension from Cumberland to the port of Baltimore.
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C. Transportation Revolution

• Bad roads trails became mudpits in the wet
• Canals and Steamboats
• Midwest Problems flatboats useless upstream
• Canal Projects Erie Canal reduced cost of
  moving goods between Buffalo and NYC by 90
  percent, helped launch other canals
• Fultons Folly steamboat invented by Robert
  Fulton with Clermont in 1807
• Capable of carrying heavy loads upstream, used on
  Mississippi River within 10 years

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C. Transportation Revolution

• Locomotives began in Europe and came to U.S. in
  1830s
• Advantages could go anywhere tracks could be
  laid
• Disadvantages broke down often
• Result Continued to improve and more than 200
  million was spent in 1840s

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C. Transportation Revolution

• The Market Revolution
• What was it? National markets were created
  because regions could import needed goods, only
  had to produce what was most profitable
• Biggest gains felt in Midwest, where small towns
  now able to link to larger cities

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CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

• New Jersey Canals
• The Morris Canal and the
• Delaware and Raritan Canal

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The Morris Canal

• General Information
• West end Philipsburg on the Delaware River
• East end Jersey City on the Hudson River
• Length of main canal 102.15 miles
• of inclined planes 23
• of locks 23 lift locks and 11 guard locks
• http//shubie.chebucto.org/inclinemovie.htm
• What are inclined planes? The boats that moved up
  or down a hill in plane cars on rails with the
  power supplied by water from the upper level of
  the canal this water flowing through a Scotch
  turbine located deep underground.

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The Morris Canal

• General Information
• What are locks?
• They move boats up or down to another level of
  water. Water either enters or exits the lock so
  the boat can go on.
• Time for a one way trip 5 days
• Power source 2 mules
• Total elevation change 1,674 feet up and down
  (peak height of 914 feet)

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The Morris Canal

• Important Dates
• December 31, 1824 Morris Canal and Banking
  Company chartered by the State of New Jersey
• July 12, 1825 Construction starts near what is
  now Ledgewood
• November 4, 1831 First trip from Newark to
  Phillipsburg
• 1836 Jersey City extension completed - 11.75
  miles
• November 29, 1922 State of New Jersey takes
  control of the canal
• Spring, 1924 Canal drained
• George P. MacCulloch Morristown businessman who
  conceived the idea of the canal

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Morris Canal

• Other Information
• Cost Original 2,104,413 Enlargement
  1,700,000
• Tonnage 1845 - 58,259 tons
• 1866 - 899,220 tons (maximum year)
• Only prosperous period was 1860 1870 Can you
  guess why?
• Large Aqueducts Little Falls Aqueduct across
  Passaic River 80 foot span
• Pompton River Aqueduct between Mountain View and
  Lincoln Park 236 feet long, 9 stone piers

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Morris Canal

• Why was the canal built?
• To deliver coal from Pennsylvanias Lehigh Valley
  to New Jersey and New York
• What else did the canal accomplish?
• It gave a big boost to industry in the area
  (especially iron), and allowed the area to grow
  faster
• Farm products, manufactured goods, raw materials
  and construction materials were also moved
• Why did the canal eventually fail?
• Railroads became a more efficient way of
  transporting bulk goods in the second half of the
  19th century

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http//njhistorypartnership.org//mktRev/morrisCana
l/morrisCanalTour.htm
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Delaware Raritan Canal

• Main Canal Bordentown on Delaware River to New
  Brunswick on Raritan River 44 miles 14 locks
• Dimensions 75 feet wide x 8 feet deep (after
  1851)
• Locks 24 feet wide x 220 feet long (after 1853)
• Very simple design compared to Morris Canal
  less than half as long and only 115 feet in
  elevation change no inclined planes
• Used by mule-towed canal boats, sailboats, steam
  tugs towing barges, freight boats, millionaires
  yachts and naval vessels
• Opened in 1834, peak year was 1866, closed in
  1932

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CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

• Section 3
• The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy

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A. The Election of 1824

• Four Candidates
• John Quincy Adams (Mass.), Henry Clay (Ky.),
  William Crawford (Ga.) and Andrew Jackson (Tenn.)
• Field Narrows
• Crawford gets sick and is unable to campaign but
  beats Clay in Electoral College
• Result House must decide winner Why?
• Why were there so many candidates?

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A. The Election of 1824

• Corrupt Bargain Clay gives his support to
  Adams, when Adams wins Clay becomes Secretary of
  State, Jackson cries foul
• Why did Clay give his support to Adams?
• Adams term Had good ideas but refused to
  compromise with Congress, remembered as a bad
  president

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B. The Election of 1828

1. Andrew Jackson Old Hickory, focused on
   running for President
2. Democratic Party name given later to supporters
   of Jackson, usually farmers, workers and frontier
   settlers i.e. the common man

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B. The Election of 1828

• Jacksonian Democracy
• Name given to expansion of political
  participation regardless of class
• Examples Voters chose electors directly instead
  of state legislatures, expansion of voting rights
  led to even more new voters
• Personality Clash election was more about
  personalities than the issues (i.e. Was Jacksons
  marriage illegal?)
• Jackson Wins 178-83 in Electoral College, 56
  percent of popular vote
• White House party out of control

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CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

• Section 4
• Jacksons Policies Define an Era

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A. A Question of Land

• Issue of American Indians
• What to do? Government decided they needed to be
  moved beyond American borders, especially those
  in Southeast
• Why? American Indians supported British in War of
  1812
• Affected tribes Cherokee (Georgia), Chickasaw,
  Choctaw (both Mississippi), Creek (Alabama) and
  Seminole (Florida)

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B. American Indian Policy

• Indian Removal Act
• Provided for relocation for all Indian nations
  east of Mississippi River to Indian Territory
  (now Okla.)
• Why? To avoid conflict with white settlers
  (land)
• Resistance in Court
• Cherokee argued that they were a foreign nation
• Worcester v. Georgia (1831) the states had
  limited power over Cherokee federal government
  needed to protect Indian rights
• Aftermath Ruling was ignored, Cherokee forced
  to move west

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B. American Indian Policy

• Trail of Tears (1838)
• What was it? Name given to 800-mile journey that
  federal troops forced Cherokee to make to Indian
  Territory
• About 4,000 of 18,000 Cherokee died on the trip

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C. Nullification Crisis

• Tariff of Abominations
• What was it? 1828 tariff that doubled rates for
  certain imports
• Why were many southerners upset?
• Doctrine of Nullification
• Written by John C. Calhoun in an anonymous essay
• Based on Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions by
  Jefferson and Madison
• Do you remember from Chapter 6 what it said?

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C. Nullification Crisis

• South Carolina Crisis
• Henry Clay attempted to negotiate a compromise
• South Carolina nullified two tariffs, threatened
  secession if government attempted to collect
• Calhoun resigns as Vice President
• Jacksons warning Bloodshed dealt will be dealt
  with harshly
• Result Calhoun urges South Carolina to accept a
  new compromise tariff in 1833
• Sectionalism becomes more of a problem

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D. Rise of the Whigs

• Election of 1836
• Jacksons VP and handpicked successor Martin van
  Buren becomes President
• Senate had to choose VP, only time in history
• Whig name taken from Whig Party that had
  opposed King in Britain, called Jackson King
  Andrew
• Why King Andrew?

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D. Rise of the Whigs

• Election of 1840
• Nominees war hero William Henry Harrison (W)
  vs. Van Buren (D)
• Economic crisis practically guaranteed Whig
  victory
• Reliance on slogans
• Tippecanoe and Tyler too, Van, Van hes a used
  up man
• Result Harrison wins easily but dies after one
  month, shortest term ever
• John Tyler becomes first VP to take over

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