Unrest in Asia and Africa

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Unrest in Asia and Africa

• The Effects of Nationalism

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(No Transcript)
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Chinese Background

• China in 1800s
• Qing Dynasty
• Opium Wars (Unequal Treaties)
• Taiping Rebellion (Qing lost Mandate?)
• Spheres of Influence
• Boxer Rebellion (1900)
• 1911 Revolution
• Emperor abdicates
• Yuan Shikai becomes first president new Republic
  of China
• Warlords have lots of power tooturmoil ensues

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China angry over WWI Settlement

• China declared war on Germany in 1917 hoping the
  Allies would give them back German controlled
  Chinese territory
• Allies gave territory to Japan instead!!!

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May 4th Movement

• Chinese protest!
• Thousands demand changestrikes and protests
• Communist Party formed 1921 as alternative to
  nationalists

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Two Major Chinese Groups

• Partner to fight Chinese Warlords
• Guomindang nationalists led by Chiang Kai Shek
• Communists Communists led by Mao Zedong

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Guomindang fights Communists

• Chiang Kai Shek thinks Communists have too much
  power
• In 1927 kills thousands of themChinese Civil War
  begins!

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The Long March

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vkMM8OzlnFYA
• Mao Zedong leads 100,000 Communists on 6000 mile
  march to escape Guomindang and preserve Communism
• Only 8,000 survive!

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India Pre WWI

• British territory since 1700s
• British East India Co. (Indirect Rule)
• Changes
• Sepoy Rebellion
• 1858- Raj
• ICS
• Indian National Congress (1885)
• Nationalism growing (Swadeshi)
• Muslim League (1906)

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India
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India

• Indian soldiers fought for the British Army in
  WWI
• They expected that Britain would give India
  freedom
• This did not happen!

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Indian people protest British rule

• Thousands protest British rule in violation of
  British law
• Rowlatt Acts
• April1919Amritsar Massacre400 killed

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Gandhis influence

• Teaches
• Civil Disobedience
• Ahimsa
• Boycott British goods
• Homespun Movement
• Salt March
• 1935-Limited Degree of Self-Rule

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Middle East Pre WWI

• Ottoman Territory dating back to 1400s
• Control everything from Turkey to Middle East to
  North Africa
• During War- Armenian Genocide

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Middle East

• After WWI Kemal Ataturk creates an independent
  Turkish nation out of the defeated Ottoman Empire
• Goes against Peace Plan
• Modernized Turkeymade it secular -no Muslim
  influence

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Middle East

• Reza Khan becomes Shah Pahlavi of Persia and
  renames country Iran (1935)
• Turns Iran into a modern state focused on
  education/industry

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Mandates Post - WWI
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French and British Mandates

• Arab nationalists wanted independent Arab state
  from Syria to Yemen
• Jewish Nationalists-Zionism-rebuild a Jewish
  state in ancient Jewish homeland
• 1917- Balfour Declaration- British government
  declared its support for a Jewish homeland in
  Palestine
• Instead, this area given to French and British
• Arabs and Jews angry

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Jewish immigration to area increases

• With rise of Hitler in Europe thousands of Jews
  escape to Palestine
• Zionismidea of a Jewish national home
• Arabs upset that their land given away!

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Nationalism in Africa

• Africans served in the European military during
  WWI
• Expected to be rewarded for their service
• No Africans involved in Post WWI settlement!

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Working for Independence

• Pan-African Conferences demand independence
• Egyptian protests lead Britain to give up Egypt
  (1922)