Bell Ringer

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Bell Ringer 10/6/14 Pick up a map and
atlas Think about this question! 1. Explain how
religion can be used to help strengthen people
and an empire? Class discussion in 2 minutes.
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Bell Ringer 10/20/14

• Step 1 Refer to your notes on the Rise of Islam.
• Step 2 Answer the following questions using your
  notes.
• Q 1 What was the major disagreement in Islam
  after Muhammeds death that lead to the split in
  the religion?
• Q 2 What are the 2 sects of Islam?
• Q 3 What is a caliph?

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Islamic Cultural Diffusionand Islamic Empires

• What Led to the Spread of Islam?

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Islamic Empires Vocabulary

1. Muhammed
2. Muslim
3. 5 Pillars
4. Koran
5. Caliph
6. Sunni
7. Shiite
8. Osman Bey
9. Anatolia

• 10. Ottoman Empire
• 11. Istanbul
• 12. Hagia Sophia
• 13. Sultan
• 14. Suleiman
• 15. Social Classes
• 16. Golden Age Accomplishments
• 17. Safavid Empire
• 18. Mughal Empire

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https//www.youtube.com/watch?vOnDBTskOZik

• The Spread of Islam. Prod. Fabian-Baber.
  Fabian-Baber, 2006. Discovery Education. Web. 25
  March 2012

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The RISE OF ISLAM

• Muhammad unified the Arabic people both
  politically and through the religion of Islam
• 4 Reasons Islam Spread
• The Will of Allah united Muslims
• Divide and Conquer Byzantine and Persian
  Empires were weakened from fighting one another
• Fair Treatment Muslim Rulers conquered fairly,
  non-Muslims paid a special tax but could practice
  freely
• The Mighty Sword Arabs were strong fighters

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Why choose Islam?

1. Orthodox Christianity became identified with the
   Greek culture which was foreign to the life of
   Arabs
2. Zoroastrianism was associated with Persian
   culture
3. The Byzantine and Persian empires were considered
   oppressive and cruel
4. Allowed Arabs to have equal status despite wealth

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Death of Muhammed in 623

• Created confusion because he had no successor
• Discussions led to his father-in-law Abu Bakr
  becoming the first Caliph deputy
• Caliphs heads of state, chief judge, religious
  leader, and military commander
• Next 3 Caliphs Umar, Uthman, and Ali
• All were close friends of Muhammed

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Split within Islam

• 2 sects developed after Muhammeds death

Sunnis Shiites
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Believed caliph(leader) should be chosen by Muslim leaders Believed caliph(leader) had to be a relative of Muhammed
https//www.youtube.com/watch?v5KLvjs7Yrtw
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MECCA
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Characteristics of Islamic society

• Strong commitment to monotheistic faith, Five
  Pillars
• Development of overland and maritime trade and
  communication routes
• Facilitated the spread of new crops, trade goods
  and ideas
• Adopted various cultural traditions of Persians,
  Indians, Christians, Judaism, and Greeks

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Ottoman Empire Origins

• Name came from Osman Bey, a Turkish leader of a
  western Anatolian nomadic group who began
  expansionistic moves in the 14th century.
• Gradually these nomads took over Anatolia and
  became the border between Islam and
• Byzantine Christian

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• The Ottoman Empire
• 1453-1918
• The Ottomans
• Nomadic group of Turkish people.
• Originally from central Asia.
• Emerged as rulers of the Islamic world.
• Ottoman Empire
• The Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• Ottomans capture Constantinople under the
  leadership of Mehmed II (1453)
• 6- week campaign of fighting
• Controlled trade with Europe Asia.
• Made it difficult for Europeans to pass.
• Conquered Egypt North Africa.
• United Muslims under one rule.

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The Fall of Constantinople1453

• Constantinople's location made it the natural
  "middleman" center for both land and sea trade
  between the eastern Mediterranean and central
  Asia, possession of which would ensure immense
  wealth.

"
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The Ottoman Capital Constantinople now renamed
Istanbul
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Hagia Sophia Church of Holy Wisdom turned
into a mosque
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The Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTAN
Divans
Social / MilitaryDivans
Heads of IndividualReligious Millets
Muslims
Jews
Local Administrators Military
Christians
Landowners / Tax Collectors
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vRdWZvq4yvLU
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• Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566
• The Rule of Suleiman
• Muslim ruler from 1520-1566.
• Named the Lawgiver in the East because he
  revised the entire legal system of the empire..
• Established enforced strict laws.
• Based on the Koran.
• Reconstructed the Ottoman system of rule.
• Personally instituted legislative changes
  relating to society, education, taxation, and
  criminal law

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• Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566
• Created a grand court and empire
• Built palaces, mosques, schools, libraries,
  roads, bridges, hospitals
• Encouraged literacy, art, science
• Encouraged conversion to Islam
• Non-Muslims had to pay a special tax
• Had Coffee houses drank coffee and discussed
  political and religious issues

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Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566

• III. Suleimans Social Class System
• Citizens were organized into four districts.
• Men of the pen, sword, negotiation the fields.
• men of the pen lawyers, judges, teachers,
  scientist, poets, artisans
• men of the sword warriors, soldiers,
  bodyguards (Janissaries)
• men of negotiation merchants, tax collectors,
  traders and merchants
• men of fields farmers, pig herders
• 2. Higher citizens ? special privileges.
• 3. Educated men held the highest rank.

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The Golden Age of the Ottomans Important
advancements made in science, architecture
literature.
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Muslim Inventionshttps//www.youtube.com/watch?v
e6SIcHMF9Y0

1. Hospitals/Surgery
2. Algebra
3. Bicycle
4. Toothbrush
5. Universities
6. Glasses
7. Coffee
8. Flying Machine

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The Islamic Empires 1500-1800
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The Islamic Empires1500-1800

• Three Islamic Empires dominate from southern
  Europe to Northern India from 1500-1800
• Ottoman Empire (Southern Europe, Middle East,
  North Africa)
• Safavid Empire (Persia)
• Mughal Empire (Northern India)

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The Islamic Empires1500-1800

• Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
• Based on military leadership of the ruler
• Devotion to Islam
• Based on nomadic traditions
• Power struggles within families
• Indirect influence of wives and concubines

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The Islamic Empires1500-1800

• Culture
• Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal rulers made their
  capitals centers of culture and trade
• Mosques and palaces all over Istanbul, Isfahan,
  and Delhi
• Capitals were a reflection of the rulers tastes
• Rulers hired architects and engineers and
  incorporated elements of culture

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWac0fyrfu_8
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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vppAQDPb8DYM
Taj Mahal the jewel of Muslim art in India
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vQIyZpEFJID4
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vrhHpBe4FjNY
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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmBB96mj2X38
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The Islamic Empires1500-1800

• Decline in the 18th century
• Though these were powerful empires why did they
  decline?
• Due to lack of leadership worked well when
  tolerant but all rulers not tolerant and many
  were corrupt
• Religious tension between Islam and Christianity
• Cultural conservatism - saw trade very
  differently from Europeans
• One reason was they spent a lot of money fighting
  wars - Decline in military technology
• Resisted new developments in western technology
  and science
• Spent enormous sums on monumental architecture to
  display power
• Power Superficially external visible Real
  power Hidden in inner quarters