THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain
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CAUSES

• Better agricultural practices lead to a larger
  food supply.
• More farmland
• Good weather
• Improved transportation
• New crops (potato)
• More food means lower prices.
• Lower prices mean people can spend money on
  manufactured goods

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CAUSES

• Growth in Population
• More people means more demand
• More people means more workers
• Capital to Invest in Machines and Factories
• Many British are wealthy
• Entrepreneur looking for new business
  opportunities and ways of making profits

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CAUSES

• Great Britain has Abundant Natural Resources
• Good rivers that supply water power as well as
  transportation
• Coal
• Iron Ore
• Great Britain has a Supply of Markets
• Vast colonial empire
• Domestic markets more demand in Great Britain

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CHANGES IN PRODUCTION

• Cottage Industry is replaced with automation
• Edmund Cartwright (1787) I invented a water
  powered loom (weave). Workers go to the water
• James Hargraves invented the spinning jenny
  (thread)
• James Watt invented a steam powered engine
  powered by coal
• Great Britain becomes the leading cotton producer
  in the world

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CHANGES IN PRODUCTION

• Coal and Iron
• Coal powered the steam engines
• Steam engines required iron
• Railroad tracks required iron
• Railroads
• Important to the success of the Industrial
  Revolution
• Allowed mass goods to be transported
• 1804 First steam locomotive
• Building tracks created new jobs for farm
  laborers and peasants

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RESULTS

• Great Britain is the first industrialized nation
  and richest nation
• Produced ½ the worlds coal
• Produced ½ the worlds manufactured goods
• Great Britain was the worlds leading cotton
  producer
• Industrial Revolution Spreads
• To Western Europe
• To North America

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RESULTS

• Growth of Cities and Population
• European population in 1750 140 million
• European population in 1850 266 million
• Decline in death rates wars, disease, plague
• Increase in food supply
• City Growth
• Factories are located in cities
• People leave the farms and move to the city
  looking for jobs

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RESULTS

• Social Classes
• Industrial Middle Class Bourgeoisie
• Made up of factory owners, machine owners who
  search for markets
• Desire to make money!
• Industrial Working Class
• Factory workers
• Poor working conditions, hours, wages, job
  security especially for women and children

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Socialism

• Socialism is when a society or government owns or
  controls the means of production such as
  factories or utilities.
• The conditions experienced by the Working Middle
  Class prompted some intellectuals to want to
  replace competition with cooperation.
• Several attempts at a Utopian society failed.