Car Manufacture

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Car Manufacture

• How organizations use ICT

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Objectives

• Have an understanding of how organizations use
  ICT.
• Be able to describe a number of uses, giving the
  hardware and software requirements.
• Be able to describe the applications that these
  uses can be put to.

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Car manufacture

• Robotic arms are used extensively in car
  manufacture
• Robotic arms generally have 7 sections with 6
  joints
• Each joint is controlled by an actuator (a
  stepper motor)

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Stepper Motors

• Normal DC motors spin either forwards or
  backwards when current is applied
• A stepper motor moves in very small steps instead
• It makes a precise number of stepped revolutions
  to move the robotic arm in very small increments
  to the correct position.

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What do robot arms do?

• Paint car bodies
• Put on wheels
• Drill holes in car bodies
• Fix rivets
• Tighten bolts
• Assemble electrical circuits
• Insert engines

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How do they do it?

• The computer controls the movement of the arm so
  that a variety of jobs can be carried out.
• The jobs carried out depend on the end effector
  attached to the arm.

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Types of end effector

• Gripper
• To pick up parts put them somewhere else
• Grippers usually have pressure sensors built in
  to them
• These sensors tell the robot how hard it is
  gripping something so that the robot doesnt drop
  or break it

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Camera

• To inspect work
• Quality control purposes

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Welding gun

• To weld parts of the car body together
• Welding can be hazardous to humans

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Vacuum cups

• To pick up parts without obstructing the sides or
  bottom
• Small complex car parts
• Windscreens/ flat sheets of metal etc

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Drills

• To make holes in the car body

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Screwdrivers

• Also spanners and riveters
• To place and tighten screws, nuts, bolts and
  rivets

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Spray guns

• To paint the car body
• Paint fumes are dangerous to humans

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Sanders/polishers

• To produce a shiny finish after painting

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End effectors

• A robot arm can have any of the previous end
  effectors
• If the end effector is changed, the programming
  must also be changed

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Why use robots?

• Designed to perform the same task/ operation over
  and over again
• For a person, this would be repetitive boring

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Why use robots?

• Greater accuracy than a human
• Lower running costs compared with paying a human
• Do not get tired
• Work is consistent standard
• Continuous process, no need for breaks or shift
  changes

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How is a robot programmed?

• A programmer guides the arm through each step
• Either by remote control
• Or by physically holding the arm with sensors
  attached
• Computer stores exact sequence of movements in
  its memory