Cycling of Matter in Ecosystems

1
Cycling of Matter in Ecosystems

• Write everything that is underlined

2
KEY CONCEPT Matter cycles in and out of an
ecosystem.
3
I. The Water Cycle1. The hydrologic, or water
cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth.
4
2. Key terms for the water cycle

1. Precipitation moisture that falls to the ground
   (rain, snow, sleet, hail)
2. Evaporation changing from liquid to gas (water
   to water vapor)
3. Transpiration plants give off water vapor from
   their leaves to the air
4. Condensation changing from gas to a liquid
   (little water droplets form on the outside of a
   cold glass of lemonade - thats condensation)

5

• II. Oxygen Cycle
• 1. Plants make food by photosynthesis
• They use carbon dioxide (CO2) to make oxygen (O2)
  
• 2. Animals breathe out carbon by respiration
• They use oxygen (O2) and breathe out carbon
  dioxide (CO2)
• By the way humans are animals too

6
Example Oxygen Cycle
7
Activity

• Draw, label, color, and explain the water cycle
  and oxygen cycles on a sheet of paper.
• Page 413 figure 13.12 13.13
• Due tomorrow

8

• III. Carbon Cycle
• 1. Carbon is the building block of life.

1. The carbon cycle moves carbon from the
   atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to
   the atmosphere.
2. Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels
   (like oil, gasoline, and coal)

9
Carbon Cycle notice photosynthesis and
respiration are back they both involve CO2 (now
were looking at the C for carbon)
10

• IV. The Nitrogen Cycle
• The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place
  underground.
• Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into
  ammonia through a process called nitrogen
  fixation.

• Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live innodules on
  theroots of plantsothers livefreely inthe
  soil.

11

1. Ammonia released into the soil is transformed
   into ammonium.
2. Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into
   nitrate.

• Nitrogen moves through the foodweb and
  returnsto the soil duringdecomposition.

12

• V. Phosphate Cycle
• Phosphate is released by the weathering of rocks.

1. Phosphorus leaches into groundwater from
   the soil and is locked in sediments.
2. Both mining and agriculture add phosphorus
   into the environment.

13
Activity

• Draw, label, color, and explain the Carbon and
  Nitrogen cycles on a sheet of paper.
• Page 414-115 figure 13.14 13.15
• Due tomorrow

14
Review Questions 13.5 Cycling of Matter

1. What is the key concept of this unit?
2. Define the key terms for the water cycle.
3. What do plants take in and then give out. What
   do animals take in and give out?
4. How does the carbon cycle move carbon?
5. Where is carbon emitted?
6. Where does the nitrogen cycle take place
7. What are phosphates released by?