The Aeneid: Roman Epic

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The Aeneid Roman Epic
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The Aeneid

• Author Virgil
• Culture Roman
• Time 70-19 BC
• Genre epic poetry
• Names to Know Aeneas, Dido, Venus, Juno, Jupiter
• Themes wandering hero, piety, devotion to duty,
  stoicism

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Narrative Structure

• Books 1-6 The Odyssean part
• Aeneas as a wandering hero like Odysseus. His
  god-sent mission is to found a new city.
  Essentially, once the Greeks sack Troy, Aeneas
  and some Trojan ships escape to found a new Troy.
• Books 7-12 The Iliadic part
• Aeneas and the Trojans at war with the Italians
  their allies.

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The Roman Hero

• Aeneas epithet pious
• Roman heroism is on behalf of the community, not
  the individual. self sacrifice
• Stoicism Aeneas subsumes his personal desires
  for the good of the community unlike Greek
  heroes who are very individualistic.

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Book 1 Aeneas in Carthage

• In lines 13-49, we learn why Aeneas suffers - the
  wrath of Juno.
• Two reasons
• Troy (Judgment of Paris, a past event Paris
  didnt pick Juno/Hera as the loveliest goddess,
  he chose Venus)
• Carthage (she knew Rome would conquer this, her
  favorite city, a future event)

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The Wrath of Juno

• Angry, Juno asks Aeolus master of wind to drive
  the Trojan ships off course, shipwreck them if
  possible.
• The bribe she offers Aeolus the lovely nymph
  Deiopeia
• Result one shipwreck before Neptune calms the
  sea.

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Arrival in Libya

• Aeneas puts into shore with only 7 ships from his
  fleet.
• He gives a pep talk to his men, recalling the
  horrors they have already survived (Scylla, land
  of the Cyclopes, etc.)

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Venus Appeal Jupiters Prophecy

• While the Trojans recover onshore, Aeneas mother
  Venus approaches her father Jupiter on behalf of
  her son
• Jupiter had promised that Aeneas would
  successfully found a new city Rome.
• Jupiters promise For these I set no limits,
  world or time, but make the gift of empire
  without end . . Lords of the world, the
  toga-wearing Romans

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Dido and the Carthaginians

• Jupiter sends Mercury down to make Dido and her
  people receptive to the Trojans.
• Meanwhile, Aeneas encounters his disguised
  mother, who tells him Didos history Dido has
  sworn never to love or marry since the death of
  her husband.
• Venus also makes Aeneas very attractive to Dido.

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Aeneas on Himself

• Book 1.500-505
• I am Aeneas, duty-bound (translation of the
  Latin pius), and known above high air of heaven
  by my fame, carrying with me in my ships our gods
  of hearth and home, saved from the enemy. I look
  for Italy to be my fatherland, and my descent is
  from all-highest Jove. . . I followed the given
  fates.

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The Temple of Juno

• Hidden in a cloud, Aeneas goes into Carthage. He
  sees the temple of Juno, its walls painted with
  scenes from the Trojan War.
• We know from this that the Carthaginians are
  civilized the Carthaginians are very sympathetic
  to the events his city Troy suffered.

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Dido Assaulted by Eros

• While Venus Cupid infect Dido with eros for
  Aeneas, Aeneas tells the Carthaginians about the
  Fall of Troy and his wanderings.
• Book 2 The Fall of Troy from the Trojan POV.
  The ghost of Hektor, the gods fighting, death of
  Creusa.
• Book 3 Aeneas wanderings, from Thrace, Crete,
  Sicily, to Carthage.

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Why the Aeneid?

• The emperor Augustus told Vergil to write a
  national epic as part of his propaganda program,
  to celebrate the new golden age of peace that
  Augustus reign ushered in.
• Background Romes civil wars, death of the
  Republic.

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Two Mythic Traditions

• Greek The Trojan War in 1250 BCE.

• Roman Romulus and Remus, suckled by the
  she-wolf, founded Rome in 753 BCE.

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Book 4 Dido/Cleopatra

• This book troubles many modern readers, since it
  seems to portray Aeneas in a bad light.
• May represent Cleopatra and Ceasar/Mark Antony
• Book focuses on the destructive and
  uncontrollable nature of love against stoicism
• Women as manipulative creatures in love
• Great persons can be brought low

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Book 5 6 Sicily The Underworld

• Return to Sicily to honor As father
• Like Odysseus before him, A goes to the
  underworld his mission is to speak with his
  father.
• His guide the Sibyl, a female prophet.
• The geography of Hades right Elysium left
  Tartarus water of Lethe
• Prophecy of the greatness of Rome.

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Aeneas Meets . . .

• Dido, who treats him much as Ajax treated
  Odysseus ignores him
• Trojan War dead (just as Odysseus does)
• Mythical monsters, old-time gods (the Furies, the
  Titans), famous sinners (Ixion, etc)
• Anchises gives Aeneas a tour of the souls not yet
  born - the great heroes of Roman history from
  Romulus to Julius Caesar to Augustus.

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Book 7 8 Travel Evander

• Aenas sails near Circes island, Neptune pushes
  them to safety. Juno is angered.
• Aeneas makes a pact with King Latinus of the
  Latins, to marry his daughter to Lavinia, who is
  already engaged to Turnus. In Book 7, war broke
  out between the Trojans and the Latins over this
  broken engagement.
• In Book 8, Aeneas sails up the Tiber to get
  allies. He meets Evander, a Greek king, whose
  kingdom is on the future site of Rome.

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Books 9-11 War with Turnus

• Book 9 Juno warns Turnus that Evander is As
  ally. Fighting breaks out Turnus lives.
• Book 10 Jove/Jupiter angry the Trojans not
  peaceful in Italy as he promised. Venus pleads
  for her sons rights. Juno pleads they have no
  rights.
• Fighting continues on Earth Juno saves Turnus.
• Book 11 Aeneas wants peace says he will fight
  Turnus in single combat Turnus continues the
  general fighting.

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Book 12 Death of Turnus

• Juno strikes a deal with Jupiter Trojans will
  lose their name become Latins.
• Turnus finally faces Aeneas
• When he has been wounded, Turnus makes an appeal
  to Aeneas for mercy, he receives none as Turnus
  gave none