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Notes Chapter 9 Section 3
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I.) A Rough-Riding President

• The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
• 1. born 1858 in New York City is sickly
  asthmatic as child
• 2. Life
• graduates from Harvard (1880)
• elected New York Assembly
  (1881-1884)
• retires to ranch in Badlands
  (1884-1887)
• Civil Service Commission (1888-1895)
• New York City Police Commissioner
  (1895-1897)
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy
  (1897-1898)

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forms joins First U.S. Volunteer Calvary
Regiment (Rough Riders)
during the Spanish-American War (1898)
elected governor of New York
(1898-1900) becomes Vice President
under William McKinley (1900-1901)
becomes President after assassination of McKinley
(1901-1909)
(youngest president at age 42)
B. creates the Modern Presidency 1.
cites federal responsibility for the national
welfare 2. Square Deal Roosevelts
Progressive reforms to protect the common
person against big
business
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II.) Using Federal Power
A. Trustbusting 1. Problem In 1900s,
trusts control about 4/5 of U.S. industries
2. Goal Roosevelt wants to curb trusts that
hurt public interest 3. Trustbuster in
1902 orders Justice Dept. to sue Northern
Securities Company
(railroad monopoly) under the
Sherman Antitrust Act
Outcome 1904 Supreme Court
dissolves the company
B. 1902 Coal Strike 1. Issue coal miners in
Pennsylvania go on strike 2. Problem 5
months in coal reserves run low 3. Outcome
operators to accept arbitration after threat
of take over 4.
Importance Sets principle of federal
intervention when
strike threatens public
Continued . . .
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C. Railroad Regulation 1. Goal federal
regulation of the railroads 2. Problem
Interstate Commerce Commission has little power
to enforce
regulations 3. Outcome Elkins Act (1903)
stops rebates, sudden rate changes
Hepburn Act (1906) limits passes,
set maximum rates 4. Importance government
has more power to regulate railroads
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III.) Health and the Environment
A. Regulating Foods and Drugs 1. Problem
Upton Sinclair writes The Jungle reveals
unsanitary conditions in
meatpacking industry 2. Issue Roosevelts
creates commission that investigates and
backs up Sinclairs account 3.
Outcome Meat Inspection Act (1906) passed by
congress - dictates sanitary
requirements - creates federal meat inspection
program
B. Pure Food and Drug Act 1. Problem Food,
drug advertisements make false
claims medicines often unsafe 2.
Outcome Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) passed by
congress - halts sale of contaminated food,
medicine - requires truth in labeling
Continued . . .
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C. Conservation and Natural Resources 1.
Problem U.S. Forest Bureau established in 1887
but stands by as private
interests exploit
natural environment 2. Outcome Roosevelt sets
aside more than 148
million acres for forest reserves,
sanctuaries, national parks 3.
Importance U.S. belief is conservation part
saved for
preservation and part
saved for development for public
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IV.) Roosevelt and Civil Rights

• A. Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20th Century
• 1. Roosevelts terms as president make no
  civil rights reforms
• 2. Appoints a few individual African Americans
  to civil service jobs
• - invites Booker T. Washington to White House
• National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People
• (NAACP) founded 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois
  black/white reformers
• Goal full equality among races

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